"""
==============================================================
Hermite Series, "Physicists" (:mod:`numpy.polynomial.hermite`)
==============================================================
This module provides a number of objects (mostly functions) useful for
dealing with Hermite series, including a `Hermite` class that
encapsulates the usual arithmetic operations. (General information
on how this module represents and works with such polynomials is in the
docstring for its "parent" sub-package, `numpy.polynomial`).
Classes
-------
.. autosummary::
:toctree: generated/
Hermite
Constants
---------
.. autosummary::
:toctree: generated/
hermdomain
hermzero
hermone
hermx
Arithmetic
----------
.. autosummary::
:toctree: generated/
hermadd
hermsub
hermmulx
hermmul
hermdiv
hermpow
hermval
hermval2d
hermval3d
hermgrid2d
hermgrid3d
Calculus
--------
.. autosummary::
:toctree: generated/
hermder
hermint
Misc Functions
--------------
.. autosummary::
:toctree: generated/
hermfromroots
hermroots
hermvander
hermvander2d
hermvander3d
hermgauss
hermweight
hermcompanion
hermfit
hermtrim
hermline
herm2poly
poly2herm
See also
--------
`numpy.polynomial`
"""
import numpy as np
import numpy.linalg as la
from numpy.core.multiarray import normalize_axis_index
from . import polyutils as pu
from ._polybase import ABCPolyBase
__all__ = [
'hermzero', 'hermone', 'hermx', 'hermdomain', 'hermline', 'hermadd',
'hermsub', 'hermmulx', 'hermmul', 'hermdiv', 'hermpow', 'hermval',
'hermder', 'hermint', 'herm2poly', 'poly2herm', 'hermfromroots',
'hermvander', 'hermfit', 'hermtrim', 'hermroots', 'Hermite',
'hermval2d', 'hermval3d', 'hermgrid2d', 'hermgrid3d', 'hermvander2d',
'hermvander3d', 'hermcompanion', 'hermgauss', 'hermweight']
hermtrim = pu.trimcoef
def poly2herm(pol):
"""
poly2herm(pol)
Convert a polynomial to a Hermite series.
Convert an array representing the coefficients of a polynomial (relative
to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an
array of the coefficients of the equivalent Hermite series, ordered
from lowest to highest degree.
Parameters
----------
pol : array_like
1-D array containing the polynomial coefficients
Returns
-------
c : ndarray
1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent Hermite
series.
See Also
--------
herm2poly
Notes
-----
The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
is to use the convert method of a class instance.
Examples
--------
>>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import poly2herm
>>> poly2herm(np.arange(4))
array([1. , 2.75 , 0.5 , 0.375])
"""
[pol] = pu.as_series([pol])
deg = len(pol) - 1
res = 0
for i in range(deg, -1, -1):
res = hermadd(hermmulx(res), pol[i])
return res
def herm2poly(c):
"""
Convert a Hermite series to a polynomial.
Convert an array representing the coefficients of a Hermite series,
ordered from lowest degree to highest, to an array of the coefficients
of the equivalent polynomial (relative to the "standard" basis) ordered
from lowest to highest degree.
Parameters
----------
c : array_like
1-D array containing the Hermite series coefficients, ordered
from lowest order term to highest.
Returns
-------
pol : ndarray
1-D array containing the coefficients of the equivalent polynomial
(relative to the "standard" basis) ordered from lowest order term
to highest.
See Also
--------
poly2herm
Notes
-----
The easy way to do conversions between polynomial basis sets
is to use the convert method of a class instance.
Examples
--------
>>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import herm2poly
>>> herm2poly([ 1. , 2.75 , 0.5 , 0.375])
array([0., 1., 2., 3.])
"""
from .polynomial import polyadd, polysub, polymulx
[c] = pu.as_series([c])
n = len(c)
if n == 1:
return c
if n == 2:
c[1] *= 2
return c
else:
c0 = c[-2]
c1 = c[-1]
# i is the current degree of c1
for i in range(n - 1, 1, -1):
tmp = c0
c0 = polysub(c[i - 2], c1*(2*(i - 1)))
c1 = polyadd(tmp, polymulx(c1)*2)
return polyadd(c0, polymulx(c1)*2)
#
# These are constant arrays are of integer type so as to be compatible
# with the widest range of other types, such as Decimal.
#
# Hermite
hermdomain = np.array([-1, 1])
# Hermite coefficients representing zero.
hermzero = np.array([0])
# Hermite coefficients representing one.
hermone = np.array([1])
# Hermite coefficients representing the identity x.
hermx = np.array([0, 1/2])
def hermline(off, scl):
"""
Hermite series whose graph is a straight line.
Parameters
----------
off, scl : scalars
The specified line is given by ``off + scl*x``.
Returns
-------
y : ndarray
This module's representation of the Hermite series for
``off + scl*x``.
See Also
--------
polyline, chebline
Examples
--------
>>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermline, hermval
>>> hermval(0,hermline(3, 2))
3.0
>>> hermval(1,hermline(3, 2))
5.0
"""
if scl != 0:
return np.array([off, scl/2])
else:
return np.array([off])
def hermfromroots(roots):
"""
Generate a Hermite series with given roots.
The function returns the coefficients of the polynomial
.. math:: p(x) = (x - r_0) * (x - r_1) * ... * (x - r_n),
in Hermite form, where the `r_n` are the roots specified in `roots`.
If a zero has multiplicity n, then it must appear in `roots` n times.
For instance, if 2 is a root of multiplicity three and 3 is a root of
multiplicity 2, then `roots` looks something like [2, 2, 2, 3, 3]. The
roots can appear in any order.
If the returned coefficients are `c`, then
.. math:: p(x) = c_0 + c_1 * H_1(x) + ... + c_n * H_n(x)
The coefficient of the last term is not generally 1 for monic
polynomials in Hermite form.
Parameters
----------
roots : array_like
Sequence containing the roots.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray
1-D array of coefficients. If all roots are real then `out` is a
real array, if some of the roots are complex, then `out` is complex
even if all the coefficients in the result are real (see Examples
below).
See Also
--------
polyfromroots, legfromroots, lagfromroots, chebfromroots, hermefromroots
Examples
--------
>>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermfromroots, hermval
>>> coef = hermfromroots((-1, 0, 1))
>>> hermval((-1, 0, 1), coef)
array([0., 0., 0.])
>>> coef = hermfromroots((-1j, 1j))
>>> hermval((-1j, 1j), coef)
array([0.+0.j, 0.+0.j])
"""
return pu._fromroots(hermline, hermmul, roots)
def hermadd(c1, c2):
"""
Add one Hermite series to another.
Returns the sum of two Hermite series `c1` + `c2`. The arguments
are sequences of coefficients ordered from lowest order term to
highest, i.e., [1,2,3] represents the series ``P_0 + 2*P_1 + 3*P_2``.
Parameters
----------
c1, c2 : array_like
1-D arrays of Hermite series coefficients ordered from low to
high.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray
Array representing the Hermite series of their sum.
See Also
--------
hermsub, hermmulx, hermmul, hermdiv, hermpow
Notes
-----
Unlike multiplication, division, etc., the sum of two Hermite series
is a Hermite series (without having to "reproject" the result onto
the basis set) so addition, just like that of "standard" polynomials,
is simply "component-wise."
Examples
--------
>>> from numpy.polynomial.hermite import hermadd
>>> hermadd([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4])
array([2., 4., 6., 4.])
"""
return pu._add(c1, c2)
def hermsub(c1, c2):
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