from functools import partial
from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Type, TypeVar, cast, overload

import pydantic
from jsonpatch import JsonPatch as JsonPatchBase
from typing_extensions import Self

from prefect.utilities.dispatch import get_dispatch_key, lookup_type, register_base_type
from prefect.utilities.importtools import from_qualified_name, to_qualified_name

D = TypeVar("D", bound=Any)
M = TypeVar("M", bound=pydantic.BaseModel)


def _reduce_model(model: pydantic.BaseModel):
    """
    Helper for serializing a cythonized model with cloudpickle.

    Keyword arguments can provide additional settings to the `json` call. Since
    `__reduce__` takes no arguments, these are set on the `__reduce_kwargs__` attr.
    """
    return (
        _unreduce_model,
        (
            to_qualified_name(type(model)),
            model.json(**getattr(model, "__reduce_kwargs__", {})),
        ),
    )


def _unreduce_model(model_name, json):
    """Helper for restoring model after serialization"""
    model = from_qualified_name(model_name)
    return model.parse_raw(json)


@overload
def add_cloudpickle_reduction(__model_cls: Type[M]) -> Type[M]:
    ...


@overload
def add_cloudpickle_reduction(
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Callable[[Type[M]], Type[M]]:
    ...


def add_cloudpickle_reduction(__model_cls: Type[M] = None, **kwargs: Any):
    """
    Adds a `__reducer__` to the given class that ensures it is cloudpickle compatible.

    Workaround for issues with cloudpickle when using cythonized pydantic which
    throws exceptions when attempting to pickle the class which has "compiled"
    validator methods dynamically attached to it.

    We cannot define this utility in the model class itself because the class is the
    type that contains unserializable methods.

    Any model using some features of Pydantic (e.g. `Path` validation) with a Cython
    compiled Pydantic installation may encounter pickling issues.

    See related issue at https://github.com/cloudpipe/cloudpickle/issues/408
    """
    if __model_cls:
        __model_cls.__reduce__ = _reduce_model
        __model_cls.__reduce_kwargs__ = kwargs
        return __model_cls
    else:
        return cast(
            Callable[[Type[M]], Type[M]],
            partial(
                add_cloudpickle_reduction,
                **kwargs,
            ),
        )


def add_type_dispatch(model_cls: Type[M]) -> Type[M]:
    """
    Extend a Pydantic model to add a 'type' field that is used a discriminator field
    to dynamically determine the subtype that when deserializing models.

    This allows automatic resolution to subtypes of the decorated model.

    If a type field already exists, it should be a string literal field that has a
    constant value for each subclass. The default value of this field will be used as
    the dispatch key.

    If a type field does not exist, one will be added. In this case, the value of the
    field will be set to the value of the `__dispatch_key__`. The base class should
    define a `__dispatch_key__` class method that is used to determine the unique key
    for each subclass. Alternatively, each subclass can define the `__dispatch_key__`
    as a string literal.

    The base class must not define a 'type' field. If it is not desirable to add a field
    to the model and the dispatch key can be tracked separately, the lower level
    utilities in `prefect.utilities.dispatch` should be used directly.
    """
    defines_dispatch_key = hasattr(
        model_cls, "__dispatch_key__"
    ) or "__dispatch_key__" in getattr(model_cls, "__annotations__", {})

    defines_type_field = "type" in model_cls.__fields__

    if not defines_dispatch_key and not defines_type_field:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Model class {model_cls.__name__!r} does not define a `__dispatch_key__` "
            "or a type field. One of these is required for dispatch."
        )

    elif defines_dispatch_key and not defines_type_field:
        # Add a type field to store the value of the dispatch key
        model_cls.__fields__["type"] = pydantic.fields.ModelField(
            name="type",
            type_=str,
            required=True,
            class_validators=None,
            model_config=model_cls.__config__,
        )

    elif not defines_dispatch_key and defines_type_field:
        field_type_annotation = model_cls.__fields__["type"].type_
        if field_type_annotation != str:
            raise TypeError(
                f"Model class {model_cls.__name__!r} defines a 'type' field with "
                f"type {field_type_annotation.__name__!r} but it must be 'str'."
            )

        # Set the dispatch key to retrieve the value from the type field
        @classmethod
        def dispatch_key_from_type_field(cls):
            return cls.__fields__["type"].default

        model_cls.__dispatch_key__ = dispatch_key_from_type_field

    else:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Model class {model_cls.__name__!r} defines a `__dispatch_key__` "
            "and a type field. Only one of these may be defined for dispatch."
        )

    cls_init = model_cls.__init__
    cls_new = model_cls.__new__

    def __init__(__pydantic_self__, **data: Any) -> None:
        type_string = (
            get_dispatch_key(__pydantic_self__)
            if type(__pydantic_self__) != model_cls
            else "__base__"
        )
        data.setdefault("type", type_string)
        cls_init(__pydantic_self__, **data)

    def __new__(cls: Type[Self], **kwargs) -> Self:
        if "type" in kwargs:
            try:
                subcls = lookup_type(cls, dispatch_key=kwargs["type"])
            except KeyError as exc:
                raise pydantic.ValidationError(errors=[exc], model=cls)
            return cls_new(subcls)
        else:
            return cls_new(cls)

    model_cls.__init__ = __init__
    model_cls.__new__ = __new__

    register_base_type(model_cls)

    return model_cls


class PartialModel(Generic[M]):
    """
    A utility for creating a Pydantic model in several steps.

    Fields may be set at initialization, via attribute assignment, or at finalization
    when the concrete model is returned.

    Pydantic validation does not occur until finalization.

    Each field can only be set once and a `ValueError` will be raised on assignment if
    a field already has a value.

    Example:
        >>> class MyModel(pydantic.BaseModel):
        >>>     x: int
        >>>     y: str
        >>>     z: float
        >>>
        >>> partial_model = PartialModel(MyModel, x=1)
        >>> partial_model.y = "two"
        >>> model = partial_model.finalize(z=3.0)
    """

    def __init__(self, __model_cls: Type[M], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        self.fields = kwargs
        # Set fields first to avoid issues if `fields` is also set on the `model_cls`
        # in our custom `setattr` implementation.
        self.model_cls = __model_cls

        for name in kwargs.keys():
            self.raise_if_not_in_model(name)

    def finalize(self, **kwargs: Any) -> M:
        for name in kwargs.keys():
            self.raise_if_already_set(name)
            self.raise_if_not_in_model(name)
        return self.model_cls(**self.fields, **kwargs)

    def raise_if_already_set(self, name):
        if name in self.fields:
            raise ValueError(f"Field {name!r} has already been set.")

    def raise_if_not_in_model(self, name):
        if name not in self.model_cls.__fields__:
            raise ValueError(f"Field {name!r} is not present in the model.")

    def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: Any) -> None:
        if __name in {"fields", "model_cls"}:
            return super().__setattr__(__name, __value)

        self.raise_if_already_set(__name)
        self.raise_if_not_in_model(__name)
        self.fields[__name] = __value

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        dsp_fields = ", ".join(
            f"{key}={repr(value)}" for key, value in self.fields.items()
        )
        return f"PartialModel(cls={self.model_cls.__name__}, {dsp_fields})"


class JsonPatch(JsonPatchBase):
    @classmethod
    def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema):
        field_schema.update(
            {
                "type": "array",
                "format": "rfc6902",
                "items": {
                    "type": "object",
                    "additionalProperties": {"type": "string"},
                },
            }
        )