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Encoding:ET@I"Object;To:RDoc::Markup::Document:@parts[o;;[Oo:RDoc::Markup::Paragraph;[I"PAn Encoding instance represents a character encoding usable in Ruby. It is ;TI"Kdefined as a constant under the Encoding namespace. It has a name and ;TI"optionally, aliases:;To:RDoc::Markup::BlankLineo:RDoc::Markup::Verbatim;[
I"Encoding::ISO_8859_1.name
;TI" #=> #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
;TI"
;TI" Encoding::ISO_8859_1.names
;TI"%#=> ["ISO-8859-1", "ISO8859-1"]
;T:@format0o;	;[I"PRuby methods dealing with encodings return or accept Encoding instances as ;TI"Narguments (when a method accepts an Encoding instance as an argument, it ;TI"6can be passed an Encoding name or alias instead).;T@o;;[I""some string".encoding
;TI"#=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
;TI"
;TI"9string = "some string".encode(Encoding::ISO_8859_1)
;TI"#=> "some string"
;TI"string.encoding
;TI" #=> #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
;TI"
;TI"'"some string".encode "ISO-8859-1"
;TI"#=> "some string"
;T;0o;	;[
I"M<code>Encoding::ASCII_8BIT</code> is a special encoding that is usually ;TI"Nused for a byte string, not a character string. But as the name insists, ;TI"Nits characters in the range of ASCII are considered as ASCII characters. ;TI"HThis is useful when you use ASCII-8BIT characters with other ASCII ;TI"compatible characters.;T@S:RDoc::Markup::Heading:
leveli:	textI"Changing an encoding;T@o;	;[I"NThe associated Encoding of a String can be changed in two different ways.;T@o;	;[	I"MFirst, it is possible to set the Encoding of a string to a new Encoding ;TI"Kwithout changing the internal byte representation of the string, with ;TI"OString#force_encoding. This is how you can tell Ruby the correct encoding ;TI"of a string.;T@o;;[I"string
;TI" #=> "R\xC3\xA9sum\xC3\xA9"
;TI"string.encoding
;TI" #=> #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
;TI",string.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
;TI"#=> "R\u00E9sum\u00E9"
;T;0o;	;[
I"OSecond, it is possible to transcode a string, i.e. translate its internal ;TI"Nbyte representation to another encoding. Its associated encoding is also ;TI"Kset to the other encoding. See String#encode for the various forms of ;TI"Ptranscoding, and the Encoding::Converter class for additional control over ;TI"the transcoding process.;T@o;;[
I"string
;TI"#=> "R\u00E9sum\u00E9"
;TI"string.encoding
;TI"#=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
;TI"3string = string.encode!(Encoding::ISO_8859_1)
;TI"#=> "R\xE9sum\xE9"
;TI"string.encoding
;TI"!#=> #<Encoding::ISO-8859-1>
;T;0S;
;i;I"Script encoding;T@o;	;[I"NAll Ruby script code has an associated Encoding which any String literal ;TI"6created in the source code will be associated to.;T@o;	;[
I"XThe default script encoding is <code>Encoding::UTF-8</code> after v2.0, but it can ;TI"Qbe changed by a magic comment on the first line of the source code file (or ;TI"Msecond line, if there is a shebang line on the first). The comment must ;TI"Mcontain the word <code>coding</code> or <code>encoding</code>, followed ;TI"6by a colon, space and the Encoding name or alias:;T@o;;[	I"# encoding: UTF-8
;TI"
;TI""some string".encoding
;TI"#=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
;T;0o;	;[I"SThe <code>__ENCODING__</code> keyword returns the script encoding of the file ;TI""which the keyword is written:;T@o;;[	I"# encoding: ISO-8859-1
;TI"
;TI"__ENCODING__
;TI" #=> #<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
;T;0o;	;[	I"O<code>ruby -K</code> will change the default locale encoding, but this is ;TI"Pnot recommended. Ruby source files should declare its script encoding by a ;TI"Mmagic comment even when they only depend on US-ASCII strings or regular ;TI"expressions.;T@S;
;i;I"Locale encoding;T@o;	;[I"JThe default encoding of the environment. Usually derived from locale.;T@o;	;[I"9see Encoding.locale_charmap, Encoding.find('locale');T@S;
;i;I"Filesystem encoding;T@o;	;[I"MThe default encoding of strings from the filesystem of the environment. ;TI"5This is used for strings of file names or paths.;T@o;	;[I"$see Encoding.find('filesystem');T@S;
;i;I"External encoding;T@o;	;[I"OEach IO object has an external encoding which indicates the encoding that ;TI"PRuby will use to read its data. By default Ruby sets the external encoding ;TI"Lof an IO object to the default external encoding. The default external ;TI"Sencoding is set by locale encoding or the interpreter <code>-E</code> option. ;TI"IEncoding.default_external returns the current value of the external ;TI"encoding.;T@o;;[I"ENV["LANG"]
;TI"#=> "UTF-8"
;TI"Encoding.default_external
;TI"#=> #<Encoding:UTF-8>
;TI"
;TI";$ ruby -E ISO-8859-1 -e "p Encoding.default_external"
;TI"#<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>
;TI"
;TI"4$ LANG=C ruby -e 'p Encoding.default_external'
;TI"#<Encoding:US-ASCII>
;T;0o;	;[	I";The default external encoding may also be set through ;TI"OEncoding.default_external=, but you should not do this as strings created ;TI"Pbefore and after the change will have inconsistent encodings.  Instead use ;TI"L<code>ruby -E</code> to invoke ruby with the correct external encoding.;T@o;	;[I"OWhen you know that the actual encoding of the data of an IO object is not ;TI"Mthe default external encoding, you can reset its external encoding with ;TI"JIO#set_encoding or set it at IO object creation (see IO.new options).;T@S;
;i;I"Internal encoding;T@o;	;[	I"ITo process the data of an IO object which has an encoding different ;TI"Rfrom its external encoding, you can set its internal encoding. Ruby will use ;TI"Nthis internal encoding to transcode the data when it is read from the IO ;TI"object.;T@o;	;[I"QConversely, when data is written to the IO object it is transcoded from the ;TI"Ainternal encoding to the external encoding of the IO object.;T@o;	;[I";The internal encoding of an IO object can be set with ;TI"CIO#set_encoding or at IO object creation (see IO.new options).;T@o;	;[I"JThe internal encoding is optional and when not set, the Ruby default ;TI"Linternal encoding is used. If not explicitly set this default internal ;TI"Fencoding is +nil+ meaning that by default, no transcoding occurs.;T@o;	;[I"JThe default internal encoding can be set with the interpreter option ;TI"M<code>-E</code>. Encoding.default_internal returns the current internal ;TI"encoding.;T@o;;[I"-$ ruby -e 'p Encoding.default_internal'
;TI"	nil
;TI"
;TI"D$ ruby -E ISO-8859-1:UTF-8 -e "p [Encoding.default_external, \
;TI"#  Encoding.default_internal]"
;TI"1[#<Encoding:ISO-8859-1>, #<Encoding:UTF-8>]
;T;0o;	;[	I";The default internal encoding may also be set through ;TI"OEncoding.default_internal=, but you should not do this as strings created ;TI"Pbefore and after the change will have inconsistent encodings.  Instead use ;TI"L<code>ruby -E</code> to invoke ruby with the correct internal encoding.;T@S;
;i;I"IO encoding example;T@o;	;[I"ZIn the following example a UTF-8 encoded string "R\u00E9sum\u00E9" is transcoded for ;TI"Noutput to ISO-8859-1 encoding, then read back in and transcoded to UTF-8:;T@o;;[I"!string = "R\u00E9sum\u00E9"
;TI"
;TI"4open("transcoded.txt", "w:ISO-8859-1") do |io|
;TI"  io.write(string)
;TI"	end
;TI"
;TI"puts "raw text:"
;TI"&p File.binread("transcoded.txt")
;TI"
puts
;TI"
;TI":open("transcoded.txt", "r:ISO-8859-1:UTF-8") do |io|
;TI"  puts "transcoded text:"
;TI"  p io.read
;TI"	end
;T;0o;	;[I"MWhile writing the file, the internal encoding is not specified as it is ;TI"Oonly necessary for reading.  While reading the file both the internal and ;TI"Fexternal encoding must be specified to obtain the correct result.;T@o;;[I"$ ruby t.rb
;TI"raw text:
;TI""R\xE9sum\xE9"
;TI"
;TI"transcoded text:
;TI""R\u00E9sum\u00E9";T;0:
@fileI"encoding.c;T:0@omit_headings_from_table_of_contents_below0o;;[;I"transcode.c;T;0;0;0[[[[[I"
class;T[[:public[[I"aliases;TI"encoding.c;T[I"compatible?;T@
[I"default_external;T@
[I"default_external=;T@
[I"default_internal;T@
[I"default_internal=;T@
[I"	find;T@
[I"	list;T@
[I"name_list;T@
[:protected[[:private[[I"
instance;T[[;[[I"ascii_compatible?;T@
[I"dummy?;T@
[I"inspect;T@
[I"	name;T@
[I"
names;T@
[I"replicate;T@
[I"	to_s;T@
[;[[;[[[U:RDoc::Context::Section[i0o;;[;0;0[ @
ñI")ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb;TI".ext/psych/lib/psych/visitors/yaml_tree.rb;TI"lib/cgi/core.rb;TI"lib/cgi/util.rb;TI"lib/csv.rb;TI"lib/fileutils.rb;TI"lib/find.rb;TI"&lib/irb/lc/ja/encoding_aliases.rb;TI"lib/irb/xmp.rb;TI"lib/net/http/response.rb;TI"lib/net/imap.rb;TI"lib/open-uri.rb;TI"%lib/rdoc/generator/json_index.rb;TI"lib/rdoc/markup/parser.rb;TI"lib/rdoc/options.rb;TI"+lib/rubygems/commands/setup_command.rb;TI"lib/rubygems/package.rb;TI""lib/rubygems/specification.rb;TI"lib/rubygems/util.rb;TI"'lib/unicode_normalize/normalize.rb;TI"lib/uri/common.rb;TI"lib/uri/generic.rb;TI"lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb;TI"+lib/webrick/httpservlet/filehandler.rb;TI"lib/webrick/httputils.rb;T@
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