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/ backends / backend_ps.py
"""
A PostScript backend, which can produce both PostScript .ps and .eps.
"""
import datetime
import glob
from io import StringIO, TextIOWrapper
import logging
import os
import pathlib
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
import textwrap
import time
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import (
cbook, _path, __version__, rcParams, checkdep_ghostscript)
from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
_Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
RendererBase)
from matplotlib.cbook import (get_realpath_and_stat, is_writable_file_like,
file_requires_unicode)
from matplotlib.font_manager import is_opentype_cff_font, get_font
from matplotlib.ft2font import KERNING_DEFAULT, LOAD_NO_HINTING
from matplotlib.ttconv import convert_ttf_to_ps
from matplotlib.mathtext import MathTextParser
from matplotlib._mathtext_data import uni2type1
from matplotlib.path import Path
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
from matplotlib.backends.backend_mixed import MixedModeRenderer
from . import _backend_pdf_ps
_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
backend_version = 'Level II'
debugPS = 0
class PsBackendHelper(object):
def __init__(self):
self._cached = {}
@cbook.deprecated("3.1")
@property
def gs_exe(self):
"""
executable name of ghostscript.
"""
try:
return self._cached["gs_exe"]
except KeyError:
pass
gs_exe, gs_version = checkdep_ghostscript()
if gs_exe is None:
gs_exe = 'gs'
self._cached["gs_exe"] = str(gs_exe)
return str(gs_exe)
@cbook.deprecated("3.1")
@property
def gs_version(self):
"""
version of ghostscript.
"""
try:
return self._cached["gs_version"]
except KeyError:
pass
s = subprocess.Popen(
[self.gs_exe, "--version"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
pipe, stderr = s.communicate()
ver = pipe.decode('ascii')
try:
gs_version = tuple(map(int, ver.strip().split(".")))
except ValueError:
# if something went wrong parsing return null version number
gs_version = (0, 0)
self._cached["gs_version"] = gs_version
return gs_version
@cbook.deprecated("3.1")
@property
def supports_ps2write(self):
"""
True if the installed ghostscript supports ps2write device.
"""
return self.gs_version[0] >= 9
ps_backend_helper = PsBackendHelper()
papersize = {'letter': (8.5, 11),
'legal': (8.5, 14),
'ledger': (11, 17),
'a0': (33.11, 46.81),
'a1': (23.39, 33.11),
'a2': (16.54, 23.39),
'a3': (11.69, 16.54),
'a4': (8.27, 11.69),
'a5': (5.83, 8.27),
'a6': (4.13, 5.83),
'a7': (2.91, 4.13),
'a8': (2.07, 2.91),
'a9': (1.457, 2.05),
'a10': (1.02, 1.457),
'b0': (40.55, 57.32),
'b1': (28.66, 40.55),
'b2': (20.27, 28.66),
'b3': (14.33, 20.27),
'b4': (10.11, 14.33),
'b5': (7.16, 10.11),
'b6': (5.04, 7.16),
'b7': (3.58, 5.04),
'b8': (2.51, 3.58),
'b9': (1.76, 2.51),
'b10': (1.26, 1.76)}
def _get_papertype(w, h):
for key, (pw, ph) in sorted(papersize.items(), reverse=True):
if key.startswith('l'):
continue
if w < pw and h < ph:
return key
return 'a0'
def _num_to_str(val):
if isinstance(val, str):
return val
ival = int(val)
if val == ival:
return str(ival)
s = "%1.3f" % val
s = s.rstrip("0")
s = s.rstrip(".")
return s
def _nums_to_str(*args):
return ' '.join(map(_num_to_str, args))
def quote_ps_string(s):
"Quote dangerous characters of S for use in a PostScript string constant."
s = s.replace(b"\\", b"\\\\")
s = s.replace(b"(", b"\\(")
s = s.replace(b")", b"\\)")
s = s.replace(b"'", b"\\251")
s = s.replace(b"`", b"\\301")
s = re.sub(br"[^ -~\n]", lambda x: br"\%03o" % ord(x.group()), s)
return s.decode('ascii')
def _move_path_to_path_or_stream(src, dst):
"""
Move the contents of file at *src* to path-or-filelike *dst*.
If *dst* is a path, the metadata of *src* are *not* copied.
"""
if is_writable_file_like(dst):
fh = (open(src, 'r', encoding='latin-1')
if file_requires_unicode(dst)
else open(src, 'rb'))
with fh:
shutil.copyfileobj(fh, dst)
else:
shutil.move(src, dst, copy_function=shutil.copyfile)
class RendererPS(_backend_pdf_ps.RendererPDFPSBase):
"""
The renderer handles all the drawing primitives using a graphics
context instance that controls the colors/styles.
"""
@property
@cbook.deprecated("3.1")
def afmfontd(self, _cache=cbook.maxdict(50)):
return _cache
_afm_font_dir = pathlib.Path(rcParams["datapath"], "fonts", "afm")
_use_afm_rc_name = "ps.useafm"
def __init__(self, width, height, pswriter, imagedpi=72):
# Although postscript itself is dpi independent, we need to inform the
# image code about a requested dpi to generate high resolution images
# and them scale them before embedding them.
RendererBase.__init__(self)
self.width = width
self.height = height
self._pswriter = pswriter
if rcParams['text.usetex']:
self.textcnt = 0
self.psfrag = []
self.imagedpi = imagedpi
# current renderer state (None=uninitialised)
self.color = None
self.linewidth = None
self.linejoin = None
self.linecap = None
self.linedash = None
self.fontname = None
self.fontsize = None
self._hatches = {}
self.image_magnification = imagedpi / 72
self._clip_paths = {}
self._path_collection_id = 0
self.used_characters = {}
self.mathtext_parser = MathTextParser("PS")
def track_characters(self, font, s):
"""Keeps track of which characters are required from each font."""
realpath, stat_key = get_realpath_and_stat(font.fname)
used_characters = self.used_characters.setdefault(
stat_key, (realpath, set()))
used_characters[1].update(map(ord, s))
def merge_used_characters(self, other):
for stat_key, (realpath, charset) in other.items():
used_characters = self.used_characters.setdefault(
stat_key, (realpath, set()))
used_characters[1].update(charset)
def set_color(self, r, g, b, store=1):
if (r, g, b) != self.color:
if r == g and r == b:
self._pswriter.write("%1.3f setgray\n" % r)
else:
self._pswriter.write(
"%1.3f %1.3f %1.3f setrgbcolor\n" % (r, g, b))
if store:
self.color = (r, g, b)
def set_linewidth(self, linewidth, store=1):
linewidth = float(linewidth)
if linewidth != self.linewidth:
self._pswriter.write("%1.3f setlinewidth\n" % linewidth)
if store:
self.linewidth = linewidth
def set_linejoin(self, linejoin, store=1):
if linejoin != self.linejoin:
self._pswriter.write("%d setlinejoin\n" % linejoin)
if store:
self.linejoin = linejoin
def set_linecap(self, linecap, store=1):
if linecap != self.linecap:
self._pswriter.write("%d setlinecap\n" % linecap)
if store:
self.linecap = linecap
def set_linedash(self, offset, seq, store=1):
if self.linedash is not None:
oldo, oldseq = self.linedash
if np.array_equal(seq, oldseq) and oldo == offset:
return
if seq is not None and len(seq):
s = "[%s] %d setdash\n" % (_nums_to_str(*seq), offset)
self._pswriter.write(s)
else:
self._pswriter.write("[] 0 setdash\n")
if store:
self.linedash = (offset, seq)
def set_font(self, fontname, fontsize, store=1):
if rcParams['ps.useafm']:
return
if (fontname, fontsize) != (self.fontname, self.fontsize):
out = ("/%s findfont\n"
"%1.3f scalefont\n"
"setfont\n" % (fontname, fontsize))
self._pswriter.write(out)
if store:
self.fontname = fontname
self.fontsize = fontsize
def create_hatch(self, hatch):
sidelen = 72
if hatch in self._hatches:
return self._hatches[hatch]
name = 'H%d' % len(self._hatches)
linewidth = rcParams['hatch.linewidth']
pageheight = self.height * 72
self._pswriter.write("""\
<< /PatternType 1
/PaintType 2
/TilingType 2
/BBox[0 0 %(sidelen)d %(sidelen)d]
/XStep %(sidelen)d
/YStep %(sidelen)d
/PaintProc {
pop
%(linewidth)f setlinewidth
""" % locals())
self._pswriter.write(
self._convert_path(Path.hatch(hatch), Affine2D().scale(sidelen),
simplify=False))
self._pswriter.write("""\
fill
stroke
} bind
>>
matrix
0.0 %(pageheight)f translate
makepattern
/%(name)s exch def
""" % locals())
self._hatches[hatch] = name
return name
def get_image_magnification(self):
"""
Get the factor by which to magnify images passed to draw_image.
Allows a backend to have images at a different resolution to other
artists.
"""
return self.image_magnification
def draw_image(self, gc, x, y, im, transform=None):
# docstring inherited
h, w = im.shape[:2]
imagecmd = "false 3 colorimage"
data = im[::-1, :, :3] # Vertically flipped rgb values.
# data.tobytes().hex() has no spaces, so can be linewrapped by relying
# on textwrap.fill breaking long words.
hexlines = textwrap.fill(data.tobytes().hex(), 128)
if transform is None:
matrix = "1 0 0 1 0 0"
xscale = w / self.image_magnification
yscale = h / self.image_magnification
else:
matrix = " ".join(map(str, transform.frozen().to_values()))
xscale = 1.0
yscale = 1.0
figh = self.height * 72
bbox = gc.get_clip_rectangle()
clippath, clippath_trans = gc.get_clip_path()
clip = []
if bbox is not None:
clipx, clipy, clipw, cliph = bbox.bounds
clip.append(
'%s clipbox' % _nums_to_str(clipw, cliph, clipx, clipy))
if clippath is not None:
id = self._get_clip_path(clippath, clippath_trans)
clip.append('%s' % id)
clip = '\n'.join(clip)
ps = """gsave
%(clip)s
%(x)s %(y)s translate
[%(matrix)s] concat
%(xscale)s %(yscale)s scale
/DataString %(w)s string def
%(w)s %(h)s 8 [ %(w)s 0 0 -%(h)s 0 %(h)s ]
{
currentfile DataString readhexstring pop
} bind %(imagecmd)s
%(hexlines)s
grestore
""" % locals()
self._pswriter.write(ps)
def _convert_path(self, path, transform, clip=False, simplify=None):
if clip:
clip = (0.0, 0.0, self.width * 72.0, self.height * 72.0)
else:
clip = None
return _path.convert_to_string(
path, transform, clip, simplify, None,
6, [b'm', b'l', b'', b'c', b'cl'], True).decode('ascii')
def _get_clip_path(self, clippath, clippath_transform):
key = (clippath, id(clippath_transform))
pid = self._clip_paths.get(key)
if pid is None:
pid = 'c%x' % len(self._clip_paths)
ps_cmd = ['/%s {' % pid]
ps_cmd.append(self._convert_path(clippath, clippath_transform,
simplify=False))
ps_cmd.extend(['clip', 'newpath', '} bind def\n'])
self._pswriter.write('\n'.join(ps_cmd))
self._clip_paths[key] = pid
return pid
def draw_path(self, gc, path, transform, rgbFace=None):
# docstring inherited
clip = rgbFace is None and gc.get_hatch_path() is None
simplify = path.should_simplify and clip
ps = self._convert_path(path, transform, clip=clip, simplify=simplify)
self._draw_ps(ps, gc, rgbFace)
def draw_markers(
self, gc, marker_path, marker_trans, path, trans, rgbFace=None):
# docstring inherited
if debugPS:
self._pswriter.write('% draw_markers \n')
ps_color = (
None
if _is_transparent(rgbFace)
else '%1.3f setgray' % rgbFace[0]
if rgbFace[0] == rgbFace[1] == rgbFace[2]
else '%1.3f %1.3f %1.3f setrgbcolor' % rgbFace[:3])
# construct the generic marker command:
# don't want the translate to be global
ps_cmd = ['/o {', 'gsave', 'newpath', 'translate']
lw = gc.get_linewidth()
alpha = (gc.get_alpha()
if gc.get_forced_alpha() or len(gc.get_rgb()) == 3
else gc.get_rgb()[3])
stroke = lw > 0 and alpha > 0
if stroke:
ps_cmd.append('%.1f setlinewidth' % lw)
jint = gc.get_joinstyle()
ps_cmd.append('%d setlinejoin' % jint)
cint = gc.get_capstyle()
ps_cmd.append('%d setlinecap' % cint)
ps_cmd.append(self._convert_path(marker_path, marker_trans,
simplify=False))
if rgbFace:
if stroke:
ps_cmd.append('gsave')
if ps_color:
ps_cmd.extend([ps_color, 'fill'])
if stroke:
ps_cmd.append('grestore')
if stroke:
ps_cmd.append('stroke')
ps_cmd.extend(['grestore', '} bind def'])
for vertices, code in path.iter_segments(
trans,
clip=(0, 0, self.width*72, self.height*72),
simplify=False):
if len(vertices):
x, y = vertices[-2:]
ps_cmd.append("%g %g o" % (x, y))
ps = '\n'.join(ps_cmd)
self._draw_ps(ps, gc, rgbFace, fill=False, stroke=False)
def draw_path_collection(self, gc, master_transform, paths, all_transforms,
offsets, offsetTrans, facecolors, edgecolors,
linewidths, linestyles, antialiaseds, urls,
offset_position):
# Is the optimization worth it? Rough calculation:
# cost of emitting a path in-line is
# (len_path + 2) * uses_per_path
# cost of definition+use is
# (len_path + 3) + 3 * uses_per_path
len_path = len(paths[0].vertices) if len(paths) > 0 else 0
uses_per_path = self._iter_collection_uses_per_path(
paths, all_transforms, offsets, facecolors, edgecolors)
should_do_optimization = \
len_path + 3 * uses_per_path + 3 < (len_path + 2) * uses_per_path
if not should_do_optimization:
return RendererBase.draw_path_collection(
self, gc, master_transform, paths, all_transforms,
offsets, offsetTrans, facecolors, edgecolors,
linewidths, linestyles, antialiaseds, urls,
offset_position)
write = self._pswriter.write
path_codes = []
for i, (path, transform) in enumerate(self._iter_collection_raw_paths(
master_transform, paths, all_transforms)):
name = 'p%x_%x' % (self._path_collection_id, i)
ps_cmd = ['/%s {' % name,
'newpath', 'translate']
ps_cmd.append(self._convert_path(path, transform, simplify=False))
ps_cmd.extend(['} bind def\n'])
write('\n'.join(ps_cmd))
path_codes.append(name)
for xo, yo, path_id, gc0, rgbFace in self._iter_collection(
gc, master_transform, all_transforms, path_codes, offsets,
offsetTrans, facecolors, edgecolors, linewidths, linestyles,
antialiaseds, urls, offset_position):
ps = "%g %g %s" % (xo, yo, path_id)
self._draw_ps(ps, gc0, rgbFace)
self._path_collection_id += 1
def draw_tex(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath='TeX!', mtext=None):
# docstring inherited
w, h, bl = self.get_text_width_height_descent(s, prop, ismath)
fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points()
thetext = 'psmarker%d' % self.textcnt
color = '%1.3f,%1.3f,%1.3f' % gc.get_rgb()[:3]
fontcmd = {'sans-serif': r'{\sffamily %s}',
'monospace': r'{\ttfamily %s}'}.get(
rcParams['font.family'][0], r'{\rmfamily %s}')
s = fontcmd % s
tex = r'\color[rgb]{%s} %s' % (color, s)
corr = 0 # w/2*(fontsize-10)/10
if rcParams['text.latex.preview']:
# use baseline alignment!
pos = _nums_to_str(x-corr, y)
self.psfrag.append(
r'\psfrag{%s}[Bl][Bl][1][%f]{\fontsize{%f}{%f}%s}' % (
thetext, angle, fontsize, fontsize*1.25, tex))
else:
# Stick to the bottom alignment, but this may give incorrect
# baseline some times.
pos = _nums_to_str(x-corr, y-bl)
self.psfrag.append(
r'\psfrag{%s}[bl][bl][1][%f]{\fontsize{%f}{%f}%s}' % (
thetext, angle, fontsize, fontsize*1.25, tex))
ps = """\
gsave
%(pos)s moveto
(%(thetext)s)
show
grestore
""" % locals()
self._pswriter.write(ps)
self.textcnt += 1
def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
# docstring inherited
# local to avoid repeated attribute lookups
write = self._pswriter.write
if debugPS:
write("% text\n")
if _is_transparent(gc.get_rgb()):
return # Special handling for fully transparent.
if ismath == 'TeX':
return self.draw_tex(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle)
elif ismath:
return self.draw_mathtext(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle)
elif rcParams['ps.useafm']:
self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb())
font = self._get_font_afm(prop)
fontname = font.get_fontname()
fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points()
scale = 0.001 * fontsize
thisx = 0
thisy = font.get_str_bbox_and_descent(s)[4] * scale
last_name = None
lines = []
for c in s:
name = uni2type1.get(ord(c), 'question')
try:
width = font.get_width_from_char_name(name)
except KeyError:
name = 'question'
width = font.get_width_char('?')
if last_name is not None:
kern = font.get_kern_dist_from_name(last_name, name)
else:
kern = 0
last_name = name
thisx += kern * scale
lines.append('%f %f m /%s glyphshow' % (thisx, thisy, name))
thisx += width * scale
thetext = "\n".join(lines)
ps = """\
gsave
/%(fontname)s findfont
%(fontsize)s scalefont
setfont
%(x)f %(y)f translate
%(angle)f rotate
%(thetext)s
grestore
""" % locals()
self._pswriter.write(ps)
else:
font = self._get_font_ttf(prop)
font.set_text(s, 0, flags=LOAD_NO_HINTING)
self.track_characters(font, s)
self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb())
ps_name = (font.postscript_name
.encode('ascii', 'replace').decode('ascii'))
self.set_font(ps_name, prop.get_size_in_points())
lastgind = None
lines = []
thisx = 0
thisy = 0
for c in s:
ccode = ord(c)
gind = font.get_char_index(ccode)
if gind is None:
ccode = ord('?')
name = '.notdef'
gind = 0
else:
name = font.get_glyph_name(gind)
glyph = font.load_char(ccode, flags=LOAD_NO_HINTING)
if lastgind is not None:
kern = font.get_kerning(lastgind, gind, KERNING_DEFAULT)
else:
kern = 0
lastgind = gind
thisx += kern / 64
lines.append('%f %f m /%s glyphshow' % (thisx, thisy, name))
thisx += glyph.linearHoriAdvance / 65536
thetext = '\n'.join(lines)
ps = """gsave
%(x)f %(y)f translate
%(angle)f rotate
%(thetext)s
grestore
""" % locals()
self._pswriter.write(ps)
def new_gc(self):
# docstring inherited
return GraphicsContextPS()
def draw_mathtext(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle):
"""Draw the math text using matplotlib.mathtext."""
if debugPS:
self._pswriter.write("% mathtext\n")
width, height, descent, pswriter, used_characters = \
self.mathtext_parser.parse(s, 72, prop)
self.merge_used_characters(used_characters)
self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb())
thetext = pswriter.getvalue()
ps = """gsave
%(x)f %(y)f translate
%(angle)f rotate
%(thetext)s
grestore
""" % locals()
self._pswriter.write(ps)
def draw_gouraud_triangle(self, gc, points, colors, trans):
self.draw_gouraud_triangles(gc, points.reshape((1, 3, 2)),
colors.reshape((1, 3, 4)), trans)
def draw_gouraud_triangles(self, gc, points, colors, trans):
assert len(points) == len(colors)
assert points.ndim == 3
assert points.shape[1] == 3
assert points.shape[2] == 2
assert colors.ndim == 3
assert colors.shape[1] == 3
assert colors.shape[2] == 4
shape = points.shape
flat_points = points.reshape((shape[0] * shape[1], 2))
flat_points = trans.transform(flat_points)
flat_colors = colors.reshape((shape[0] * shape[1], 4))
points_min = np.min(flat_points, axis=0) - (1 << 12)
points_max = np.max(flat_points, axis=0) + (1 << 12)
factor = np.ceil((2 ** 32 - 1) / (points_max - points_min))
xmin, ymin = points_min
xmax, ymax = points_max
streamarr = np.empty(
(shape[0] * shape[1],),
dtype=[('flags', 'u1'),
('points', '>u4', (2,)),
('colors', 'u1', (3,))])
streamarr['flags'] = 0
streamarr['points'] = (flat_points - points_min) * factor
streamarr['colors'] = flat_colors[:, :3] * 255.0
stream = quote_ps_string(streamarr.tostring())
self._pswriter.write("""
gsave
<< /ShadingType 4
/ColorSpace [/DeviceRGB]
/BitsPerCoordinate 32
/BitsPerComponent 8
/BitsPerFlag 8
/AntiAlias true
/Decode [ %(xmin)f %(xmax)f %(ymin)f %(ymax)f 0 1 0 1 0 1 ]
/DataSource (%(stream)s)
>>
shfill
grestore
""" % locals())
def _draw_ps(self, ps, gc, rgbFace, fill=True, stroke=True, command=None):
"""
Emit the PostScript snippet 'ps' with all the attributes from 'gc'
applied. 'ps' must consist of PostScript commands to construct a path.
The fill and/or stroke kwargs can be set to False if the
'ps' string already includes filling and/or stroking, in
which case _draw_ps is just supplying properties and
clipping.
"""
# local variable eliminates all repeated attribute lookups
write = self._pswriter.write
if debugPS and command:
write("% "+command+"\n")
mightstroke = (gc.get_linewidth() > 0
and not _is_transparent(gc.get_rgb()))
if not mightstroke:
stroke = False
if _is_transparent(rgbFace):
fill = False
hatch = gc.get_hatch()
if mightstroke:
self.set_linewidth(gc.get_linewidth())
jint = gc.get_joinstyle()
self.set_linejoin(jint)
cint = gc.get_capstyle()
self.set_linecap(cint)
self.set_linedash(*gc.get_dashes())
self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb()[:3])
write('gsave\n')
cliprect = gc.get_clip_rectangle()
if cliprect:
x, y, w, h = cliprect.bounds
write('%1.4g %1.4g %1.4g %1.4g clipbox\n' % (w, h, x, y))
clippath, clippath_trans = gc.get_clip_path()
if clippath:
id = self._get_clip_path(clippath, clippath_trans)
write('%s\n' % id)
# Jochen, is the strip necessary? - this could be a honking big string
write(ps.strip())
write("\n")
if fill:
if stroke or hatch:
write("gsave\n")
self.set_color(store=0, *rgbFace[:3])
write("fill\n")
if stroke or hatch:
write("grestore\n")
if hatch:
hatch_name = self.create_hatch(hatch)
write("gsave\n")
write("%f %f %f " % gc.get_hatch_color()[:3])
write("%s setpattern fill grestore\n" % hatch_name)
if stroke:
write("stroke\n")
write("grestore\n")
def _is_transparent(rgb_or_rgba):
if rgb_or_rgba is None:
return True # Consistent with rgbFace semantics.
elif len(rgb_or_rgba) == 4:
if rgb_or_rgba[3] == 0:
return True
if rgb_or_rgba[3] != 1:
_log.warning(
"The PostScript backend does not support transparency; "
"partially transparent artists will be rendered opaque.")
return False
else: # len() == 3.
return False
class GraphicsContextPS(GraphicsContextBase):
def get_capstyle(self):
return {'butt': 0, 'round': 1, 'projecting': 2}[
GraphicsContextBase.get_capstyle(self)]
def get_joinstyle(self):
return {'miter': 0, 'round': 1, 'bevel': 2}[
GraphicsContextBase.get_joinstyle(self)]
@cbook.deprecated("3.1")
def shouldstroke(self):
return (self.get_linewidth() > 0.0 and
(len(self.get_rgb()) <= 3 or self.get_rgb()[3] != 0.0))
class FigureCanvasPS(FigureCanvasBase):
fixed_dpi = 72
def draw(self):
pass
filetypes = {'ps': 'Postscript',
'eps': 'Encapsulated Postscript'}
def get_default_filetype(self):
return 'ps'
def print_ps(self, outfile, *args, **kwargs):
return self._print_ps(outfile, 'ps', *args, **kwargs)
def print_eps(self, outfile, *args, **kwargs):
return self._print_ps(outfile, 'eps', *args, **kwargs)
def _print_ps(self, outfile, format, *args,
papertype=None, dpi=72, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w',
orientation='portrait',
**kwargs):
if papertype is None:
papertype = rcParams['ps.papersize']
papertype = papertype.lower()
if papertype == 'auto':
pass
elif papertype not in papersize:
raise RuntimeError('%s is not a valid papertype. Use one of %s' %
(papertype, ', '.join(papersize)))
orientation = orientation.lower()
cbook._check_in_list(['landscape', 'portrait'],
orientation=orientation)
isLandscape = (orientation == 'landscape')
self.figure.set_dpi(72) # Override the dpi kwarg
if rcParams['text.usetex']:
self._print_figure_tex(outfile, format, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor,
orientation, isLandscape, papertype,
**kwargs)
else:
self._print_figure(outfile, format, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor,
orientation, isLandscape, papertype,
**kwargs)
def _print_figure(
self, outfile, format, dpi=72, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w',
orientation='portrait', isLandscape=False, papertype=None,
metadata=None, *,
dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None, **kwargs):
"""
Render the figure to hardcopy. Set the figure patch face and
edge colors. This is useful because some of the GUIs have a
gray figure face color background and you'll probably want to
override this on hardcopy
If outfile is a string, it is interpreted as a file name.
If the extension matches .ep* write encapsulated postscript,
otherwise write a stand-alone PostScript file.
If outfile is a file object, a stand-alone PostScript file is
written into this file object.
metadata must be a dictionary. Currently, only the value for
the key 'Creator' is used.
"""
isEPSF = format == 'eps'
if isinstance(outfile, (str, os.PathLike)):
outfile = title = os.fspath(outfile)
title = title.encode("ascii", "replace").decode("ascii")
passed_in_file_object = False
elif is_writable_file_like(outfile):
title = None
passed_in_file_object = True
else:
raise ValueError("outfile must be a path or a file-like object")
# find the appropriate papertype
width, height = self.figure.get_size_inches()
if papertype == 'auto':
if isLandscape:
papertype = _get_papertype(height, width)
else:
papertype = _get_papertype(width, height)
if isLandscape:
paperHeight, paperWidth = papersize[papertype]
else:
paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[papertype]
if rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] and not papertype == 'auto':
# distillers will improperly clip eps files if the pagesize is
# too small
if width > paperWidth or height > paperHeight:
if isLandscape:
papertype = _get_papertype(height, width)
paperHeight, paperWidth = papersize[papertype]
else:
papertype = _get_papertype(width, height)
paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[papertype]
# center the figure on the paper
xo = 72 * 0.5 * (paperWidth - width)
yo = 72 * 0.5 * (paperHeight - height)
l, b, w, h = self.figure.bbox.bounds
llx = xo
lly = yo
urx = llx + w
ury = lly + h
rotation = 0
if isLandscape:
llx, lly, urx, ury = lly, llx, ury, urx
xo, yo = 72 * paperHeight - yo, xo
rotation = 90
bbox = (llx, lly, urx, ury)
# generate PostScript code for the figure and store it in a string
origfacecolor = self.figure.get_facecolor()
origedgecolor = self.figure.get_edgecolor()
self.figure.set_facecolor(facecolor)
self.figure.set_edgecolor(edgecolor)
if dryrun:
class NullWriter(object):
def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
pass
self._pswriter = NullWriter()
else:
self._pswriter = StringIO()
# mixed mode rendering
ps_renderer = RendererPS(width, height, self._pswriter, imagedpi=dpi)
renderer = MixedModeRenderer(
self.figure, width, height, dpi, ps_renderer,
bbox_inches_restore=bbox_inches_restore)
self.figure.draw(renderer)
if dryrun: # return immediately if dryrun (tightbbox=True)
return
self.figure.set_facecolor(origfacecolor)
self.figure.set_edgecolor(origedgecolor)
# check for custom metadata
if metadata is not None and 'Creator' in metadata:
creator_str = metadata['Creator']
else:
creator_str = "matplotlib version " + __version__ + \
", http://matplotlib.org/"
def print_figure_impl(fh):
# write the PostScript headers
if isEPSF:
print("%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0", file=fh)
else:
print("%!PS-Adobe-3.0\n"
"%%DocumentPaperSizes: {papertype}\n"
"%%Pages: 1\n".format(papertype=papertype),
end="", file=fh)
if title:
print("%%Title: " + title, file=fh)
# get source date from SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH, if set
# See https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/
source_date_epoch = os.getenv("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH")
if source_date_epoch:
source_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(
int(source_date_epoch)).strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y")
else:
source_date = time.ctime()
print("%%Creator: {creator_str}\n"
"%%CreationDate: {source_date}\n"
"%%Orientation: {orientation}\n"
"%%BoundingBox: {bbox[0]} {bbox[1]} {bbox[2]} {bbox[3]}\n"
"%%EndComments\n"
.format(creator_str=creator_str, source_date=source_date,
orientation=orientation, bbox=bbox),
end="", file=fh)
Ndict = len(psDefs)
print("%%BeginProlog", file=fh)
if not rcParams['ps.useafm']:
Ndict += len(ps_renderer.used_characters)
print("/mpldict %d dict def" % Ndict, file=fh)
print("mpldict begin", file=fh)
for d in psDefs:
d = d.strip()
for l in d.split('\n'):
print(l.strip(), file=fh)
if not rcParams['ps.useafm']:
for font_filename, chars in \
ps_renderer.used_characters.values():
if len(chars):
font = get_font(font_filename)
glyph_ids = [font.get_char_index(c) for c in chars]
fonttype = rcParams['ps.fonttype']
# Can not use more than 255 characters from a
# single font for Type 3
if len(glyph_ids) > 255:
fonttype = 42
# The ttf to ps (subsetting) support doesn't work for
# OpenType fonts that are Postscript inside (like the
# STIX fonts). This will simply turn that off to avoid
# errors.
if is_opentype_cff_font(font_filename):
raise RuntimeError(
"OpenType CFF fonts can not be saved using "
"the internal Postscript backend at this "
"time; consider using the Cairo backend")
else:
fh.flush()
try:
convert_ttf_to_ps(os.fsencode(font_filename),
fh, fonttype, glyph_ids)
except RuntimeError:
_log.warning("The PostScript backend does not "
"currently support the selected "
"font.")
raise
print("end", file=fh)
print("%%EndProlog", file=fh)
if not isEPSF:
print("%%Page: 1 1", file=fh)
print("mpldict begin", file=fh)
print("%s translate" % _nums_to_str(xo, yo), file=fh)
if rotation:
print("%d rotate" % rotation, file=fh)
print("%s clipbox" % _nums_to_str(width*72, height*72, 0, 0),
file=fh)
# write the figure
content = self._pswriter.getvalue()
if not isinstance(content, str):
content = content.decode('ascii')
print(content, file=fh)
# write the trailer
print("end", file=fh)
print("showpage", file=fh)
if not isEPSF:
print("%%EOF", file=fh)
fh.flush()
if rcParams['ps.usedistiller']:
# We are going to use an external program to process the output.
# Write to a temporary file.
with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
tmpfile = os.path.join(tmpdir, "tmp.ps")
with open(tmpfile, 'w', encoding='latin-1') as fh:
print_figure_impl(fh)
if rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'ghostscript':
gs_distill(tmpfile, isEPSF, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox)
elif rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'xpdf':
xpdf_distill(tmpfile, isEPSF, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox)
_move_path_to_path_or_stream(tmpfile, outfile)
else:
# Write directly to outfile.
if passed_in_file_object:
requires_unicode = file_requires_unicode(outfile)
if not requires_unicode:
fh = TextIOWrapper(outfile, encoding="latin-1")
# Prevent the TextIOWrapper from closing the underlying
# file.
fh.close = lambda: None
else:
fh = outfile
print_figure_impl(fh)
else:
with open(outfile, 'w', encoding='latin-1') as fh:
print_figure_impl(fh)
def _print_figure_tex(
self, outfile, format, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor,
orientation, isLandscape, papertype, metadata=None, *,
dryrun=False, bbox_inches_restore=None, **kwargs):
"""
If text.usetex is True in rc, a temporary pair of tex/eps files
are created to allow tex to manage the text layout via the PSFrags
package. These files are processed to yield the final ps or eps file.
metadata must be a dictionary. Currently, only the value for
the key 'Creator' is used.
"""
isEPSF = format == 'eps'
if isinstance(outfile, str):
title = outfile
elif is_writable_file_like(outfile):
title = None
else:
raise ValueError("outfile must be a path or a file-like object")
self.figure.dpi = 72 # ignore the dpi kwarg
width, height = self.figure.get_size_inches()
xo = 0
yo = 0
l, b, w, h = self.figure.bbox.bounds
llx = xo
lly = yo
urx = llx + w
ury = lly + h
bbox = (llx, lly, urx, ury)
# generate PostScript code for the figure and store it in a string
origfacecolor = self.figure.get_facecolor()
origedgecolor = self.figure.get_edgecolor()
self.figure.set_facecolor(facecolor)
self.figure.set_edgecolor(edgecolor)
if dryrun:
class NullWriter(object):
def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
pass
self._pswriter = NullWriter()
else:
self._pswriter = StringIO()
# mixed mode rendering
ps_renderer = RendererPS(width, height, self._pswriter, imagedpi=dpi)
renderer = MixedModeRenderer(self.figure,
width, height, dpi, ps_renderer,
bbox_inches_restore=bbox_inches_restore)
self.figure.draw(renderer)
if dryrun: # return immediately if dryrun (tightbbox=True)
return
self.figure.set_facecolor(origfacecolor)
self.figure.set_edgecolor(origedgecolor)
# check for custom metadata
if metadata is not None and 'Creator' in metadata:
creator_str = metadata['Creator']
else:
creator_str = "matplotlib version " + __version__ + \
", http://matplotlib.org/"
# write to a temp file, we'll move it to outfile when done
with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
tmpfile = os.path.join(tmpdir, "tmp.ps")
with open(tmpfile, 'w', encoding='latin-1') as fh:
# write the Encapsulated PostScript headers
print("%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0", file=fh)
if title:
print("%%Title: "+title, file=fh)
# get source date from SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH, if set
# See https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/
source_date_epoch = os.getenv("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH")
if source_date_epoch:
source_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(
int(source_date_epoch)).strftime(
"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y")
else:
source_date = time.ctime()
print(
"%%Creator: {creator_str}\n"
"%%CreationDate: {source_date}\n"
"%%BoundingBox: {bbox[0]} {bbox[1]} {bbox[2]} {bbox[3]}\n"
"%%EndComments\n"
.format(creator_str=creator_str, source_date=source_date,
bbox=bbox),
end="", file=fh)
print("%%BeginProlog\n"
"/mpldict {len_psDefs} dict def\n"
"mpldict begin\n"
"{psDefs}\n"
"end\n"
"%%EndProlog\n"
.format(len_psDefs=len(psDefs),
psDefs="\n".join(psDefs)),
end="", file=fh)
print("mpldict begin", file=fh)
print("%s translate" % _nums_to_str(xo, yo), file=fh)
print("%s clipbox" % _nums_to_str(width*72, height*72, 0, 0),
file=fh)
# write the figure
print(self._pswriter.getvalue(), file=fh)
# write the trailer
print("end", file=fh)
print("showpage", file=fh)
fh.flush()
if isLandscape: # now we are ready to rotate
isLandscape = True
width, height = height, width
bbox = (lly, llx, ury, urx)
# set the paper size to the figure size if isEPSF. The
# resulting ps file has the given size with correct bounding
# box so that there is no need to call 'pstoeps'
if isEPSF:
paperWidth, paperHeight = self.figure.get_size_inches()
if isLandscape:
paperWidth, paperHeight = paperHeight, paperWidth
else:
temp_papertype = _get_papertype(width, height)
if papertype == 'auto':
papertype = temp_papertype
paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[temp_papertype]
else:
paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[papertype]
if (width > paperWidth or height > paperHeight) and isEPSF:
paperWidth, paperHeight = papersize[temp_papertype]
_log.info('Your figure is too big to fit on %s paper. '
'%s paper will be used to prevent clipping.',
papertype, temp_papertype)
texmanager = ps_renderer.get_texmanager()
font_preamble = texmanager.get_font_preamble()
custom_preamble = texmanager.get_custom_preamble()
psfrag_rotated = convert_psfrags(tmpfile, ps_renderer.psfrag,
font_preamble,
custom_preamble, paperWidth,
paperHeight,
orientation)
if (rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'ghostscript'
or rcParams['text.usetex']):
gs_distill(tmpfile, isEPSF, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox,
rotated=psfrag_rotated)
elif rcParams['ps.usedistiller'] == 'xpdf':
xpdf_distill(tmpfile, isEPSF, ptype=papertype, bbox=bbox,
rotated=psfrag_rotated)
_move_path_to_path_or_stream(tmpfile, outfile)
def convert_psfrags(tmpfile, psfrags, font_preamble, custom_preamble,
paperWidth, paperHeight, orientation):
"""
When we want to use the LaTeX backend with postscript, we write PSFrag tags
to a temporary postscript file, each one marking a position for LaTeX to
render some text. convert_psfrags generates a LaTeX document containing the
commands to convert those tags to text. LaTeX/dvips produces the postscript
file that includes the actual text.
"""
tmpdir = os.path.split(tmpfile)[0]
epsfile = tmpfile+'.eps'
shutil.move(tmpfile, epsfile)
latexfile = tmpfile+'.tex'
dvifile = tmpfile+'.dvi'
psfile = tmpfile+'.ps'
if orientation == 'landscape':
angle = 90
else:
angle = 0
if rcParams['text.latex.unicode']:
unicode_preamble = """\\usepackage{ucs}
\\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}"""
else:
unicode_preamble = ''
s = r"""\documentclass{article}
%s
%s
%s
\usepackage[
dvips, papersize={%sin,%sin}, body={%sin,%sin}, margin={0in,0in}]{geometry}
\usepackage{psfrag}
\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\usepackage{color}
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\leavevmode
%s
\includegraphics*[angle=%s]{%s}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
""" % (font_preamble, unicode_preamble, custom_preamble,
paperWidth, paperHeight, paperWidth, paperHeight,
'\n'.join(psfrags), angle, os.path.split(epsfile)[-1])
try:
pathlib.Path(latexfile).write_text(
s, encoding='utf-8' if rcParams['text.latex.unicode'] else 'ascii')
except UnicodeEncodeError:
_log.info("You are using unicode and latex, but have not enabled the "
"Matplotlib 'text.latex.unicode' rcParam.")
raise
# Replace \\ for / so latex does not think there is a function call
latexfile = latexfile.replace("\\", "/")
# Replace ~ so Latex does not think it is line break
latexfile = latexfile.replace("~", "\\string~")
cbook._check_and_log_subprocess(
["latex", "-interaction=nonstopmode", '"%s"' % latexfile],
_log, cwd=tmpdir)
cbook._check_and_log_subprocess(
['dvips', '-q', '-R0', '-o', os.path.basename(psfile),
os.path.basename(dvifile)], _log, cwd=tmpdir)
os.remove(epsfile)
shutil.move(psfile, tmpfile)
# check if the dvips created a ps in landscape paper. Somehow,
# above latex+dvips results in a ps file in a landscape mode for a
# certain figure sizes (e.g., 8.3in,5.8in which is a5). And the
# bounding box of the final output got messed up. We check see if
# the generated ps file is in landscape and return this
# information. The return value is used in pstoeps step to recover
# the correct bounding box. 2010-06-05 JJL
with open(tmpfile) as fh:
if "Landscape" in fh.read(1000):
psfrag_rotated = True
else:
psfrag_rotated = False
if not debugPS:
for fname in glob.glob(tmpfile+'.*'):
os.remove(fname)
return psfrag_rotated
def gs_distill(tmpfile, eps=False, ptype='letter', bbox=None, rotated=False):
"""
Use ghostscript's pswrite or epswrite device to distill a file.
This yields smaller files without illegal encapsulated postscript
operators. The output is low-level, converting text to outlines.
"""
if eps:
paper_option = "-dEPSCrop"
else:
paper_option = "-sPAPERSIZE=%s" % ptype
psfile = tmpfile + '.ps'
dpi = rcParams['ps.distiller.res']
cbook._check_and_log_subprocess(
[mpl._get_executable_info("gs").executable,
"-dBATCH", "-dNOPAUSE", "-r%d" % dpi, "-sDEVICE=ps2write",
paper_option, "-sOutputFile=%s" % psfile, tmpfile],
_log)
os.remove(tmpfile)
shutil.move(psfile, tmpfile)
# While it is best if above steps preserve the original bounding
# box, there seem to be cases when it is not. For those cases,
# the original bbox can be restored during the pstoeps step.
if eps:
# For some versions of gs, above steps result in an ps file where the
# original bbox is no more correct. Do not adjust bbox for now.
pstoeps(tmpfile, bbox, rotated=rotated)
def xpdf_distill(tmpfile, eps=False, ptype='letter', bbox=None, rotated=False):
"""
Use ghostscript's ps2pdf and xpdf's/poppler's pdftops to distill a file.
This yields smaller files without illegal encapsulated postscript
operators. This distiller is preferred, generating high-level postscript
output that treats text as text.
"""
pdffile = tmpfile + '.pdf'
psfile = tmpfile + '.ps'
# Pass options as `-foo#bar` instead of `-foo=bar` to keep Windows happy
# (https://www.ghostscript.com/doc/9.22/Use.htm#MS_Windows).
cbook._check_and_log_subprocess(
["ps2pdf",
"-dAutoFilterColorImages#false",
"-dAutoFilterGrayImages#false",
"-dAutoRotatePages#false",
"-sGrayImageFilter#FlateEncode",
"-sColorImageFilter#FlateEncode",
"-dEPSCrop" if eps else "-sPAPERSIZE#%s" % ptype,
tmpfile, pdffile], _log)
cbook._check_and_log_subprocess(
["pdftops", "-paper", "match", "-level2", pdffile, psfile], _log)
os.remove(tmpfile)
shutil.move(psfile, tmpfile)
if eps:
pstoeps(tmpfile)
for fname in glob.glob(tmpfile+'.*'):
os.remove(fname)
def get_bbox_header(lbrt, rotated=False):
"""
return a postscript header string for the given bbox lbrt=(l, b, r, t).
Optionally, return rotate command.
"""
l, b, r, t = lbrt
if rotated:
rotate = "%.2f %.2f translate\n90 rotate" % (l+r, 0)
else:
rotate = ""
bbox_info = '%%%%BoundingBox: %d %d %d %d' % (l, b, np.ceil(r), np.ceil(t))
hires_bbox_info = '%%%%HiResBoundingBox: %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f' % (
l, b, r, t)
return '\n'.join([bbox_info, hires_bbox_info]), rotate
# get_bbox is deprecated. I don't see any reason to use ghostscript to
# find the bounding box, as the required bounding box is alread known.
@cbook.deprecated("3.0")
def get_bbox(tmpfile, bbox):
"""
Use ghostscript's bbox device to find the center of the bounding box.
Return an appropriately sized bbox centered around that point. A bit of a
hack.
"""
gs_exe = ps_backend_helper.gs_exe
command = [gs_exe, "-dBATCH", "-dNOPAUSE", "-sDEVICE=bbox", "%s" % tmpfile]
_log.debug(command)
p = subprocess.Popen(command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
close_fds=True)
(stdout, stderr) = (p.stdout, p.stderr)
_log.debug(stdout.read())
bbox_info = stderr.read()
_log.info(bbox_info)
bbox_found = re.search('%%HiResBoundingBox: .*', bbox_info)
if bbox_found:
bbox_info = bbox_found.group()
else:
raise RuntimeError(
'Ghostscript was not able to extract a bounding box.'
'Here is the Ghostscript output:\n\n%s' % bbox_info)
l, b, r, t = [float(i) for i in bbox_info.split()[-4:]]
# this is a hack to deal with the fact that ghostscript does not return the
# intended bbox, but a tight bbox. For now, we just center the ink in the
# intended bbox. This is not ideal, users may intend the ink to not be
# centered.
if bbox is None:
l, b, r, t = (l-1, b-1, r+1, t+1)
else:
x = (l+r)/2
y = (b+t)/2
dx = (bbox[2]-bbox[0])/2
dy = (bbox[3]-bbox[1])/2
l, b, r, t = (x-dx, y-dy, x+dx, y+dy)
bbox_info = '%%%%BoundingBox: %d %d %d %d' % (l, b, np.ceil(r), np.ceil(t))
hires_bbox_info = '%%%%HiResBoundingBox: %.6f %.6f %.6f %.6f' % (
l, b, r, t)
return '\n'.join([bbox_info, hires_bbox_info])
def pstoeps(tmpfile, bbox=None, rotated=False):
"""
Convert the postscript to encapsulated postscript. The bbox of
the eps file will be replaced with the given *bbox* argument. If
None, original bbox will be used.
"""
# if rotated==True, the output eps file need to be rotated
if bbox:
bbox_info, rotate = get_bbox_header(bbox, rotated=rotated)
else:
bbox_info, rotate = None, None
epsfile = tmpfile + '.eps'
with open(epsfile, 'wb') as epsh, open(tmpfile, 'rb') as tmph:
write = epsh.write
# Modify the header:
for line in tmph:
if line.startswith(b'%!PS'):
write(b"%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0\n")
if bbox:
write(bbox_info.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
elif line.startswith(b'%%EndComments'):
write(line)
write(b'%%BeginProlog\n'
b'save\n'
b'countdictstack\n'
b'mark\n'
b'newpath\n'
b'/showpage {} def\n'
b'/setpagedevice {pop} def\n'
b'%%EndProlog\n'
b'%%Page 1 1\n')
if rotate:
write(rotate.encode('ascii') + b'\n')
break
elif bbox and line.startswith((b'%%Bound', b'%%HiResBound',
b'%%DocumentMedia', b'%%Pages')):
pass
else:
write(line)
# Now rewrite the rest of the file, and modify the trailer.
# This is done in a second loop such that the header of the embedded
# eps file is not modified.
for line in tmph:
if line.startswith(b'%%EOF'):
write(b'cleartomark\n'
b'countdictstack\n'
b'exch sub { end } repeat\n'
b'restore\n'
b'showpage\n'
b'%%EOF\n')
elif line.startswith(b'%%PageBoundingBox'):
pass
else:
write(line)
os.remove(tmpfile)
shutil.move(epsfile, tmpfile)
FigureManagerPS = FigureManagerBase
# The following Python dictionary psDefs contains the entries for the
# PostScript dictionary mpldict. This dictionary implements most of
# the matplotlib primitives and some abbreviations.
#
# References:
# http://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf
# http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.09/09.04/PostscriptTutorial/
# http://www.math.ubc.ca/people/faculty/cass/graphics/text/www/
#
# The usage comments use the notation of the operator summary
# in the PostScript Language reference manual.
psDefs = [
# x y *m* -
"/m { moveto } bind def",
# x y *l* -
"/l { lineto } bind def",
# x y *r* -
"/r { rlineto } bind def",
# x1 y1 x2 y2 x y *c* -
"/c { curveto } bind def",
# *closepath* -
"/cl { closepath } bind def",
# w h x y *box* -
"""/box {
m
1 index 0 r
0 exch r
neg 0 r
cl
} bind def""",
# w h x y *clipbox* -
"""/clipbox {
box
clip
newpath
} bind def""",
]
@_Backend.export
class _BackendPS(_Backend):
FigureCanvas = FigureCanvasPS