from itertools import permutations
import re

import numpy as np
import pytest

import pandas as pd
from pandas import (
    Index,
    Interval,
    IntervalIndex,
    Timedelta,
    Timestamp,
    date_range,
    interval_range,
    isna,
    notna,
    timedelta_range,
)
import pandas.core.common as com
from pandas.tests.indexes.common import Base
import pandas.util.testing as tm


@pytest.fixture(scope="class", params=[None, "foo"])
def name(request):
    return request.param


class TestIntervalIndex(Base):
    _holder = IntervalIndex

    def setup_method(self, method):
        self.index = IntervalIndex.from_arrays([0, 1], [1, 2])
        self.index_with_nan = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), np.nan, (1, 2)])
        self.indices = dict(intervalIndex=tm.makeIntervalIndex(10))

    def create_index(self, closed="right"):
        return IntervalIndex.from_breaks(range(11), closed=closed)

    def create_index_with_nan(self, closed="right"):
        mask = [True, False] + [True] * 8
        return IntervalIndex.from_arrays(
            np.where(mask, np.arange(10), np.nan),
            np.where(mask, np.arange(1, 11), np.nan),
            closed=closed,
        )

    def test_properties(self, closed):
        index = self.create_index(closed=closed)
        assert len(index) == 10
        assert index.size == 10
        assert index.shape == (10,)

        tm.assert_index_equal(index.left, Index(np.arange(10)))
        tm.assert_index_equal(index.right, Index(np.arange(1, 11)))
        tm.assert_index_equal(index.mid, Index(np.arange(0.5, 10.5)))

        assert index.closed == closed

        ivs = [Interval(l, r, closed) for l, r in zip(range(10), range(1, 11))]
        expected = np.array(ivs, dtype=object)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(np.asarray(index), expected)

        # with nans
        index = self.create_index_with_nan(closed=closed)
        assert len(index) == 10
        assert index.size == 10
        assert index.shape == (10,)

        expected_left = Index([0, np.nan, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
        expected_right = expected_left + 1
        expected_mid = expected_left + 0.5
        tm.assert_index_equal(index.left, expected_left)
        tm.assert_index_equal(index.right, expected_right)
        tm.assert_index_equal(index.mid, expected_mid)

        assert index.closed == closed

        ivs = [
            Interval(l, r, closed) if notna(l) else np.nan
            for l, r in zip(expected_left, expected_right)
        ]
        expected = np.array(ivs, dtype=object)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(np.asarray(index), expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "breaks",
        [
            [1, 1, 2, 5, 15, 53, 217, 1014, 5335, 31240, 201608],
            [-np.inf, -100, -10, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3.8, 101, 202, np.inf],
            pd.to_datetime(["20170101", "20170202", "20170303", "20170404"]),
            pd.to_timedelta(["1ns", "2ms", "3s", "4M", "5H", "6D"]),
        ],
    )
    def test_length(self, closed, breaks):
        # GH 18789
        index = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(breaks, closed=closed)
        result = index.length
        expected = Index(iv.length for iv in index)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        # with NA
        index = index.insert(1, np.nan)
        result = index.length
        expected = Index(iv.length if notna(iv) else iv for iv in index)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    def test_with_nans(self, closed):
        index = self.create_index(closed=closed)
        assert index.hasnans is False

        result = index.isna()
        expected = np.repeat(False, len(index))
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

        result = index.notna()
        expected = np.repeat(True, len(index))
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

        index = self.create_index_with_nan(closed=closed)
        assert index.hasnans is True

        result = index.isna()
        expected = np.array([False, True] + [False] * (len(index) - 2))
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

        result = index.notna()
        expected = np.array([True, False] + [True] * (len(index) - 2))
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

    def test_copy(self, closed):
        expected = self.create_index(closed=closed)

        result = expected.copy()
        assert result.equals(expected)

        result = expected.copy(deep=True)
        assert result.equals(expected)
        assert result.left is not expected.left

    def test_ensure_copied_data(self, closed):
        # exercise the copy flag in the constructor

        # not copying
        index = self.create_index(closed=closed)
        result = IntervalIndex(index, copy=False)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(
            index.left.values, result.left.values, check_same="same"
        )
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(
            index.right.values, result.right.values, check_same="same"
        )

        # by-definition make a copy
        result = IntervalIndex(index._ndarray_values, copy=False)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(
            index.left.values, result.left.values, check_same="copy"
        )
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(
            index.right.values, result.right.values, check_same="copy"
        )

    def test_equals(self, closed):
        expected = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(np.arange(5), closed=closed)
        assert expected.equals(expected)
        assert expected.equals(expected.copy())

        assert not expected.equals(expected.astype(object))
        assert not expected.equals(np.array(expected))
        assert not expected.equals(list(expected))

        assert not expected.equals([1, 2])
        assert not expected.equals(np.array([1, 2]))
        assert not expected.equals(pd.date_range("20130101", periods=2))

        expected_name1 = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(
            np.arange(5), closed=closed, name="foo"
        )
        expected_name2 = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(
            np.arange(5), closed=closed, name="bar"
        )
        assert expected.equals(expected_name1)
        assert expected_name1.equals(expected_name2)

        for other_closed in {"left", "right", "both", "neither"} - {closed}:
            expected_other_closed = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(
                np.arange(5), closed=other_closed
            )
            assert not expected.equals(expected_other_closed)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("klass", [list, tuple, np.array, pd.Series])
    def test_where(self, closed, klass):
        idx = self.create_index(closed=closed)
        cond = [True] * len(idx)
        expected = idx
        result = expected.where(klass(cond))
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        cond = [False] + [True] * len(idx[1:])
        expected = IntervalIndex([np.nan] + idx[1:].tolist())
        result = idx.where(klass(cond))
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    def test_delete(self, closed):
        expected = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(np.arange(1, 11), closed=closed)
        result = self.create_index(closed=closed).delete(0)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "data",
        [
            interval_range(0, periods=10, closed="neither"),
            interval_range(1.7, periods=8, freq=2.5, closed="both"),
            interval_range(Timestamp("20170101"), periods=12, closed="left"),
            interval_range(Timedelta("1 day"), periods=6, closed="right"),
        ],
    )
    def test_insert(self, data):
        item = data[0]
        idx_item = IntervalIndex([item])

        # start
        expected = idx_item.append(data)
        result = data.insert(0, item)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        # end
        expected = data.append(idx_item)
        result = data.insert(len(data), item)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        # mid
        expected = data[:3].append(idx_item).append(data[3:])
        result = data.insert(3, item)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        # invalid type
        msg = "can only insert Interval objects and NA into an IntervalIndex"
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            data.insert(1, "foo")

        # invalid closed
        msg = "inserted item must be closed on the same side as the index"
        for closed in {"left", "right", "both", "neither"} - {item.closed}:
            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
                bad_item = Interval(item.left, item.right, closed=closed)
                data.insert(1, bad_item)

        # GH 18295 (test missing)
        na_idx = IntervalIndex([np.nan], closed=data.closed)
        for na in (np.nan, pd.NaT, None):
            expected = data[:1].append(na_idx).append(data[1:])
            result = data.insert(1, na)
            tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    def test_take(self, closed):
        index = self.create_index(closed=closed)

        result = index.take(range(10))
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, index)

        result = index.take([0, 0, 1])
        expected = IntervalIndex.from_arrays([0, 0, 1], [1, 1, 2], closed=closed)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    def test_is_unique_interval(self, closed):
        """
        Interval specific tests for is_unique in addition to base class tests
        """
        # unique overlapping - distinct endpoints
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), (0.5, 1.5)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_unique is True

        # unique overlapping - shared endpoints
        idx = pd.IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_unique is True

        # unique nested
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(-1, 1), (-2, 2)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_unique is True

    def test_monotonic(self, closed):
        # increasing non-overlapping
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is True
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is False

        # decreasing non-overlapping
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(4, 5), (2, 3), (1, 2)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is False
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is True

        # unordered non-overlapping
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), (4, 5), (2, 3)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is False
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is False

        # increasing overlapping
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 2), (0.5, 2.5), (1, 3)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is True
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is False

        # decreasing overlapping
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(1, 3), (0.5, 2.5), (0, 2)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is False
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is True

        # unordered overlapping
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0.5, 2.5), (0, 2), (1, 3)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is False
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is False

        # increasing overlapping shared endpoints
        idx = pd.IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is True
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is False

        # decreasing overlapping shared endpoints
        idx = pd.IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(2, 3), (1, 3), (1, 2)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is False
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is False
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is True

        # stationary
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), (0, 1)], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is False
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is False

        # empty
        idx = IntervalIndex([], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_monotonic is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_increasing is True
        assert idx.is_monotonic_decreasing is True
        assert idx._is_strictly_monotonic_decreasing is True

    @pytest.mark.skip(reason="not a valid repr as we use interval notation")
    def test_repr(self):
        i = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), (1, 2)], closed="right")
        expected = (
            "IntervalIndex(left=[0, 1],"
            "\n              right=[1, 2],"
            "\n              closed='right',"
            "\n              dtype='interval[int64]')"
        )
        assert repr(i) == expected

        i = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(
            (Timestamp("20130101"), Timestamp("20130102")),
            (Timestamp("20130102"), Timestamp("20130103")),
            closed="right",
        )
        expected = (
            "IntervalIndex(left=['2013-01-01', '2013-01-02'],"
            "\n              right=['2013-01-02', '2013-01-03'],"
            "\n              closed='right',"
            "\n              dtype='interval[datetime64[ns]]')"
        )
        assert repr(i) == expected

    @pytest.mark.skip(reason="not a valid repr as we use interval notation")
    def test_repr_max_seq_item_setting(self):
        super().test_repr_max_seq_item_setting()

    @pytest.mark.skip(reason="not a valid repr as we use interval notation")
    def test_repr_roundtrip(self):
        super().test_repr_roundtrip()

    def test_frame_repr(self):
        # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/pull/24134/files
        df = pd.DataFrame(
            {"A": [1, 2, 3, 4]}, index=pd.IntervalIndex.from_breaks([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
        )
        result = repr(df)
        expected = "        A\n(0, 1]  1\n(1, 2]  2\n(2, 3]  3\n(3, 4]  4"
        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "constructor,expected",
        [
            (
                pd.Series,
                (
                    "(0.0, 1.0]    a\n"
                    "NaN           b\n"
                    "(2.0, 3.0]    c\n"
                    "dtype: object"
                ),
            ),
            (
                pd.DataFrame,
                ("            0\n(0.0, 1.0]  a\nNaN         b\n(2.0, 3.0]  c"),
            ),
        ],
    )
    def test_repr_missing(self, constructor, expected):
        # GH 25984
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), np.nan, (2, 3)])
        obj = constructor(list("abc"), index=index)
        result = repr(obj)
        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "tuples, closed, expected_data",
        [
            ([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)], "left", ["[0, 1)", "[1, 2)", "[2, 3)"]),
            (
                [(0.5, 1.0), np.nan, (2.0, 3.0)],
                "right",
                ["(0.5, 1.0]", "NaN", "(2.0, 3.0]"],
            ),
            (
                [
                    (Timestamp("20180101"), Timestamp("20180102")),
                    np.nan,
                    ((Timestamp("20180102"), Timestamp("20180103"))),
                ],
                "both",
                ["[2018-01-01, 2018-01-02]", "NaN", "[2018-01-02, 2018-01-03]"],
            ),
            (
                [
                    (Timedelta("0 days"), Timedelta("1 days")),
                    (Timedelta("1 days"), Timedelta("2 days")),
                    np.nan,
                ],
                "neither",
                [
                    "(0 days 00:00:00, 1 days 00:00:00)",
                    "(1 days 00:00:00, 2 days 00:00:00)",
                    "NaN",
                ],
            ),
        ],
    )
    def test_to_native_types(self, tuples, closed, expected_data):
        # GH 28210
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tuples, closed=closed)
        result = index.to_native_types()
        expected = np.array(expected_data)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

    def test_get_item(self, closed):
        i = IntervalIndex.from_arrays((0, 1, np.nan), (1, 2, np.nan), closed=closed)
        assert i[0] == Interval(0.0, 1.0, closed=closed)
        assert i[1] == Interval(1.0, 2.0, closed=closed)
        assert isna(i[2])

        result = i[0:1]
        expected = IntervalIndex.from_arrays((0.0,), (1.0,), closed=closed)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        result = i[0:2]
        expected = IntervalIndex.from_arrays((0.0, 1), (1.0, 2.0), closed=closed)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        result = i[1:3]
        expected = IntervalIndex.from_arrays(
            (1.0, np.nan), (2.0, np.nan), closed=closed
        )
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("scalar", [-1, 0, 0.5, 3, 4.5, 5, 6])
    def test_get_loc_length_one_scalar(self, scalar, closed):
        # GH 20921
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 5)], closed=closed)
        if scalar in index[0]:
            result = index.get_loc(scalar)
            assert result == 0
        else:
            with pytest.raises(KeyError, match=str(scalar)):
                index.get_loc(scalar)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("other_closed", ["left", "right", "both", "neither"])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("left, right", [(0, 5), (-1, 4), (-1, 6), (6, 7)])
    def test_get_loc_length_one_interval(self, left, right, closed, other_closed):
        # GH 20921
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 5)], closed=closed)
        interval = Interval(left, right, closed=other_closed)
        if interval == index[0]:
            result = index.get_loc(interval)
            assert result == 0
        else:
            with pytest.raises(
                KeyError,
                match=re.escape(
                    "Interval({left}, {right}, closed='{other_closed}')".format(
                        left=left, right=right, other_closed=other_closed
                    )
                ),
            ):
                index.get_loc(interval)

    # Make consistent with test_interval_new.py (see #16316, #16386)
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "breaks",
        [
            date_range("20180101", periods=4),
            date_range("20180101", periods=4, tz="US/Eastern"),
            timedelta_range("0 days", periods=4),
        ],
        ids=lambda x: str(x.dtype),
    )
    def test_get_loc_datetimelike_nonoverlapping(self, breaks):
        # GH 20636
        # nonoverlapping = IntervalIndex method and no i8 conversion
        index = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(breaks)

        value = index[0].mid
        result = index.get_loc(value)
        expected = 0
        assert result == expected

        interval = Interval(index[0].left, index[0].right)
        result = index.get_loc(interval)
        expected = 0
        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "arrays",
        [
            (date_range("20180101", periods=4), date_range("20180103", periods=4)),
            (
                date_range("20180101", periods=4, tz="US/Eastern"),
                date_range("20180103", periods=4, tz="US/Eastern"),
            ),
            (
                timedelta_range("0 days", periods=4),
                timedelta_range("2 days", periods=4),
            ),
        ],
        ids=lambda x: str(x[0].dtype),
    )
    def test_get_loc_datetimelike_overlapping(self, arrays):
        # GH 20636
        index = IntervalIndex.from_arrays(*arrays)

        value = index[0].mid + Timedelta("12 hours")
        result = index.get_loc(value)
        expected = slice(0, 2, None)
        assert result == expected

        interval = Interval(index[0].left, index[0].right)
        result = index.get_loc(interval)
        expected = 0
        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "values",
        [
            date_range("2018-01-04", periods=4, freq="-1D"),
            date_range("2018-01-04", periods=4, freq="-1D", tz="US/Eastern"),
            timedelta_range("3 days", periods=4, freq="-1D"),
            np.arange(3.0, -1.0, -1.0),
            np.arange(3, -1, -1),
        ],
        ids=lambda x: str(x.dtype),
    )
    def test_get_loc_decreasing(self, values):
        # GH 25860
        index = IntervalIndex.from_arrays(values[1:], values[:-1])
        result = index.get_loc(index[0])
        expected = 0
        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("item", [[3], np.arange(0.5, 5, 0.5)])
    def test_get_indexer_length_one(self, item, closed):
        # GH 17284
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 5)], closed=closed)
        result = index.get_indexer(item)
        expected = np.array([0] * len(item), dtype="intp")
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", [1, 5])
    def test_get_indexer_length_one_interval(self, size, closed):
        # GH 17284
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 5)], closed=closed)
        result = index.get_indexer([Interval(0, 5, closed)] * size)
        expected = np.array([0] * size, dtype="intp")
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "breaks",
        [
            date_range("20180101", periods=4),
            date_range("20180101", periods=4, tz="US/Eastern"),
            timedelta_range("0 days", periods=4),
        ],
        ids=lambda x: str(x.dtype),
    )
    def test_maybe_convert_i8(self, breaks):
        # GH 20636
        index = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(breaks)

        # intervalindex
        result = index._maybe_convert_i8(index)
        expected = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(breaks.asi8)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        # interval
        interval = Interval(breaks[0], breaks[1])
        result = index._maybe_convert_i8(interval)
        expected = Interval(breaks[0].value, breaks[1].value)
        assert result == expected

        # datetimelike index
        result = index._maybe_convert_i8(breaks)
        expected = Index(breaks.asi8)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        # datetimelike scalar
        result = index._maybe_convert_i8(breaks[0])
        expected = breaks[0].value
        assert result == expected

        # list-like of datetimelike scalars
        result = index._maybe_convert_i8(list(breaks))
        expected = Index(breaks.asi8)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "breaks",
        [date_range("2018-01-01", periods=5), timedelta_range("0 days", periods=5)],
    )
    def test_maybe_convert_i8_nat(self, breaks):
        # GH 20636
        index = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(breaks)

        to_convert = breaks._constructor([pd.NaT] * 3)
        expected = pd.Float64Index([np.nan] * 3)
        result = index._maybe_convert_i8(to_convert)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        to_convert = to_convert.insert(0, breaks[0])
        expected = expected.insert(0, float(breaks[0].value))
        result = index._maybe_convert_i8(to_convert)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "breaks",
        [np.arange(5, dtype="int64"), np.arange(5, dtype="float64")],
        ids=lambda x: str(x.dtype),
    )
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "make_key",
        [
            IntervalIndex.from_breaks,
            lambda breaks: Interval(breaks[0], breaks[1]),
            lambda breaks: breaks,
            lambda breaks: breaks[0],
            list,
        ],
        ids=["IntervalIndex", "Interval", "Index", "scalar", "list"],
    )
    def test_maybe_convert_i8_numeric(self, breaks, make_key):
        # GH 20636
        index = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(breaks)
        key = make_key(breaks)

        # no conversion occurs for numeric
        result = index._maybe_convert_i8(key)
        assert result is key

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "breaks1, breaks2",
        permutations(
            [
                date_range("20180101", periods=4),
                date_range("20180101", periods=4, tz="US/Eastern"),
                timedelta_range("0 days", periods=4),
            ],
            2,
        ),
        ids=lambda x: str(x.dtype),
    )
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "make_key",
        [
            IntervalIndex.from_breaks,
            lambda breaks: Interval(breaks[0], breaks[1]),
            lambda breaks: breaks,
            lambda breaks: breaks[0],
            list,
        ],
        ids=["IntervalIndex", "Interval", "Index", "scalar", "list"],
    )
    def test_maybe_convert_i8_errors(self, breaks1, breaks2, make_key):
        # GH 20636
        index = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(breaks1)
        key = make_key(breaks2)

        msg = (
            "Cannot index an IntervalIndex of subtype {dtype1} with "
            "values of dtype {dtype2}"
        )
        msg = re.escape(msg.format(dtype1=breaks1.dtype, dtype2=breaks2.dtype))
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            index._maybe_convert_i8(key)

    def test_contains_method(self):
        # can select values that are IN the range of a value
        i = IntervalIndex.from_arrays([0, 1], [1, 2])

        expected = np.array([False, False], dtype="bool")
        actual = i.contains(0)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)
        actual = i.contains(3)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

        expected = np.array([True, False], dtype="bool")
        actual = i.contains(0.5)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)
        actual = i.contains(1)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

        # __contains__ not implemented for "interval in interval", follow
        # that for the contains method for now
        with pytest.raises(
            NotImplementedError, match="contains not implemented for two"
        ):
            i.contains(Interval(0, 1))

    def test_dropna(self, closed):

        expected = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 2.0)], closed=closed)

        ii = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), (1, 2), np.nan], closed=closed)
        result = ii.dropna()
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        ii = IntervalIndex.from_arrays([0, 1, np.nan], [1, 2, np.nan], closed=closed)
        result = ii.dropna()
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    def test_non_contiguous(self, closed):
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples([(0, 1), (2, 3)], closed=closed)
        target = [0.5, 1.5, 2.5]
        actual = index.get_indexer(target)
        expected = np.array([0, -1, 1], dtype="intp")
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

        assert 1.5 not in index

    def test_isin(self, closed):
        index = self.create_index(closed=closed)

        expected = np.array([True] + [False] * (len(index) - 1))
        result = index.isin(index[:1])
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

        result = index.isin([index[0]])
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

        other = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(np.arange(-2, 10), closed=closed)
        expected = np.array([True] * (len(index) - 1) + [False])
        result = index.isin(other)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

        result = index.isin(other.tolist())
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

        for other_closed in {"right", "left", "both", "neither"}:
            other = self.create_index(closed=other_closed)
            expected = np.repeat(closed == other_closed, len(index))
            result = index.isin(other)
            tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

            result = index.isin(other.tolist())
            tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)

    def test_comparison(self):
        actual = Interval(0, 1) < self.index
        expected = np.array([False, True])
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

        actual = Interval(0.5, 1.5) < self.index
        expected = np.array([False, True])
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)
        actual = self.index > Interval(0.5, 1.5)
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

        actual = self.index == self.index
        expected = np.array([True, True])
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)
        actual = self.index <= self.index
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)
        actual = self.index >= self.index
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

        actual = self.index < self.index
        expected = np.array([False, False])
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)
        actual = self.index > self.index
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

        actual = self.index == IntervalIndex.from_breaks([0, 1, 2], "left")
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

        actual = self.index == self.index.values
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, np.array([True, True]))
        actual = self.index.values == self.index
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, np.array([True, True]))
        actual = self.index <= self.index.values
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, np.array([True, True]))
        actual = self.index != self.index.values
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, np.array([False, False]))
        actual = self.index > self.index.values
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, np.array([False, False]))
        actual = self.index.values > self.index
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, np.array([False, False]))

        # invalid comparisons
        actual = self.index == 0
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, np.array([False, False]))
        actual = self.index == self.index.left
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, np.array([False, False]))

        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unorderable types"):
            self.index > 0
        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="unorderable types"):
            self.index <= 0
        msg = r"unorderable types: Interval\(\) > int\(\)"
        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            self.index > np.arange(2)
        msg = "Lengths must match to compare"
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            self.index > np.arange(3)

    def test_missing_values(self, closed):
        idx = Index(
            [np.nan, Interval(0, 1, closed=closed), Interval(1, 2, closed=closed)]
        )
        idx2 = IntervalIndex.from_arrays([np.nan, 0, 1], [np.nan, 1, 2], closed=closed)
        assert idx.equals(idx2)

        msg = (
            "missing values must be missing in the same location both left"
            " and right sides"
        )
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            IntervalIndex.from_arrays(
                [np.nan, 0, 1], np.array([0, 1, 2]), closed=closed
            )

        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(isna(idx), np.array([True, False, False]))

    def test_sort_values(self, closed):
        index = self.create_index(closed=closed)

        result = index.sort_values()
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, index)

        result = index.sort_values(ascending=False)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, index[::-1])

        # with nan
        index = IntervalIndex([Interval(1, 2), np.nan, Interval(0, 1)])

        result = index.sort_values()
        expected = IntervalIndex([Interval(0, 1), Interval(1, 2), np.nan])
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        result = index.sort_values(ascending=False)
        expected = IntervalIndex([np.nan, Interval(1, 2), Interval(0, 1)])
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", [None, "US/Eastern"])
    def test_datetime(self, tz):
        start = Timestamp("2000-01-01", tz=tz)
        dates = date_range(start=start, periods=10)
        index = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(dates)

        # test mid
        start = Timestamp("2000-01-01T12:00", tz=tz)
        expected = date_range(start=start, periods=9)
        tm.assert_index_equal(index.mid, expected)

        # __contains__ doesn't check individual points
        assert Timestamp("2000-01-01", tz=tz) not in index
        assert Timestamp("2000-01-01T12", tz=tz) not in index
        assert Timestamp("2000-01-02", tz=tz) not in index
        iv_true = Interval(
            Timestamp("2000-01-02", tz=tz), Timestamp("2000-01-03", tz=tz)
        )
        iv_false = Interval(
            Timestamp("1999-12-31", tz=tz), Timestamp("2000-01-01", tz=tz)
        )
        assert iv_true in index
        assert iv_false not in index

        # .contains does check individual points
        assert not index.contains(Timestamp("2000-01-01", tz=tz)).any()
        assert index.contains(Timestamp("2000-01-01T12", tz=tz)).any()
        assert index.contains(Timestamp("2000-01-02", tz=tz)).any()

        # test get_indexer
        start = Timestamp("1999-12-31T12:00", tz=tz)
        target = date_range(start=start, periods=7, freq="12H")
        actual = index.get_indexer(target)
        expected = np.array([-1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2], dtype="intp")
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

        start = Timestamp("2000-01-08T18:00", tz=tz)
        target = date_range(start=start, periods=7, freq="6H")
        actual = index.get_indexer(target)
        expected = np.array([7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, -1], dtype="intp")
        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(actual, expected)

    def test_append(self, closed):

        index1 = IntervalIndex.from_arrays([0, 1], [1, 2], closed=closed)
        index2 = IntervalIndex.from_arrays([1, 2], [2, 3], closed=closed)

        result = index1.append(index2)
        expected = IntervalIndex.from_arrays([0, 1, 1, 2], [1, 2, 2, 3], closed=closed)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        result = index1.append([index1, index2])
        expected = IntervalIndex.from_arrays(
            [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2], [1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3], closed=closed
        )
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

        msg = (
            "can only append two IntervalIndex objects that are closed "
            "on the same side"
        )
        for other_closed in {"left", "right", "both", "neither"} - {closed}:
            index_other_closed = IntervalIndex.from_arrays(
                [0, 1], [1, 2], closed=other_closed
            )
            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
                index1.append(index_other_closed)

    def test_is_non_overlapping_monotonic(self, closed):
        # Should be True in all cases
        tpls = [(0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 7)]
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tpls, closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_non_overlapping_monotonic is True

        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tpls[::-1], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_non_overlapping_monotonic is True

        # Should be False in all cases (overlapping)
        tpls = [(0, 2), (1, 3), (4, 5), (6, 7)]
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tpls, closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_non_overlapping_monotonic is False

        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tpls[::-1], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_non_overlapping_monotonic is False

        # Should be False in all cases (non-monotonic)
        tpls = [(0, 1), (2, 3), (6, 7), (4, 5)]
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tpls, closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_non_overlapping_monotonic is False

        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tpls[::-1], closed=closed)
        assert idx.is_non_overlapping_monotonic is False

        # Should be False for closed='both', otherwise True (GH16560)
        if closed == "both":
            idx = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(range(4), closed=closed)
            assert idx.is_non_overlapping_monotonic is False
        else:
            idx = IntervalIndex.from_breaks(range(4), closed=closed)
            assert idx.is_non_overlapping_monotonic is True

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "start, shift, na_value",
        [
            (0, 1, np.nan),
            (Timestamp("2018-01-01"), Timedelta("1 day"), pd.NaT),
            (Timedelta("0 days"), Timedelta("1 day"), pd.NaT),
        ],
    )
    def test_is_overlapping(self, start, shift, na_value, closed):
        # GH 23309
        # see test_interval_tree.py for extensive tests; interface tests here

        # non-overlapping
        tuples = [(start + n * shift, start + (n + 1) * shift) for n in (0, 2, 4)]
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tuples, closed=closed)
        assert index.is_overlapping is False

        # non-overlapping with NA
        tuples = [(na_value, na_value)] + tuples + [(na_value, na_value)]
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tuples, closed=closed)
        assert index.is_overlapping is False

        # overlapping
        tuples = [(start + n * shift, start + (n + 2) * shift) for n in range(3)]
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tuples, closed=closed)
        assert index.is_overlapping is True

        # overlapping with NA
        tuples = [(na_value, na_value)] + tuples + [(na_value, na_value)]
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tuples, closed=closed)
        assert index.is_overlapping is True

        # common endpoints
        tuples = [(start + n * shift, start + (n + 1) * shift) for n in range(3)]
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tuples, closed=closed)
        result = index.is_overlapping
        expected = closed == "both"
        assert result is expected

        # common endpoints with NA
        tuples = [(na_value, na_value)] + tuples + [(na_value, na_value)]
        index = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tuples, closed=closed)
        result = index.is_overlapping
        assert result is expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "tuples",
        [
            list(zip(range(10), range(1, 11))),
            list(
                zip(
                    date_range("20170101", periods=10),
                    date_range("20170101", periods=10),
                )
            ),
            list(
                zip(
                    timedelta_range("0 days", periods=10),
                    timedelta_range("1 day", periods=10),
                )
            ),
        ],
    )
    def test_to_tuples(self, tuples):
        # GH 18756
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tuples)
        result = idx.to_tuples()
        expected = Index(com.asarray_tuplesafe(tuples))
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "tuples",
        [
            list(zip(range(10), range(1, 11))) + [np.nan],
            list(
                zip(
                    date_range("20170101", periods=10),
                    date_range("20170101", periods=10),
                )
            )
            + [np.nan],
            list(
                zip(
                    timedelta_range("0 days", periods=10),
                    timedelta_range("1 day", periods=10),
                )
            )
            + [np.nan],
        ],
    )
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("na_tuple", [True, False])
    def test_to_tuples_na(self, tuples, na_tuple):
        # GH 18756
        idx = IntervalIndex.from_tuples(tuples)
        result = idx.to_tuples(na_tuple=na_tuple)

        # check the non-NA portion
        expected_notna = Index(com.asarray_tuplesafe(tuples[:-1]))
        result_notna = result[:-1]
        tm.assert_index_equal(result_notna, expected_notna)

        # check the NA portion
        result_na = result[-1]
        if na_tuple:
            assert isinstance(result_na, tuple)
            assert len(result_na) == 2
            assert all(isna(x) for x in result_na)
        else:
            assert isna(result_na)

    def test_nbytes(self):
        # GH 19209
        left = np.arange(0, 4, dtype="i8")
        right = np.arange(1, 5, dtype="i8")

        result = IntervalIndex.from_arrays(left, right).nbytes
        expected = 64  # 4 * 8 * 2
        assert result == expected

    def test_itemsize(self):
        # GH 19209
        left = np.arange(0, 4, dtype="i8")
        right = np.arange(1, 5, dtype="i8")
        expected = 16  # 8 * 2

        with tm.assert_produces_warning(FutureWarning, check_stacklevel=False):
            result = IntervalIndex.from_arrays(left, right).itemsize

        assert result == expected

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("new_closed", ["left", "right", "both", "neither"])
    def test_set_closed(self, name, closed, new_closed):
        # GH 21670
        index = interval_range(0, 5, closed=closed, name=name)
        result = index.set_closed(new_closed)
        expected = interval_range(0, 5, closed=new_closed, name=name)
        tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("bad_closed", ["foo", 10, "LEFT", True, False])
    def test_set_closed_errors(self, bad_closed):
        # GH 21670
        index = interval_range(0, 5)
        msg = "invalid option for 'closed': {closed}".format(closed=bad_closed)
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
            index.set_closed(bad_closed)

    def test_is_all_dates(self):
        # GH 23576
        year_2017 = pd.Interval(
            pd.Timestamp("2017-01-01 00:00:00"), pd.Timestamp("2018-01-01 00:00:00")
        )
        year_2017_index = pd.IntervalIndex([year_2017])
        assert not year_2017_index.is_all_dates


def test_dir():
    # GH#27571 dir(interval_index) should not raise
    index = IntervalIndex.from_arrays([0, 1], [1, 2])
    result = dir(index)
    assert "str" not in result