"""Doctest for method/function calls.

We're going the use these types for extra testing

    >>> from collections import UserList
    >>> from collections import UserDict

We're defining four helper functions

    >>> def e(a,b):
    ...     print(a, b)

    >>> def f(*a, **k):
    ...     print(a, support.sortdict(k))

    >>> def g(x, *y, **z):
    ...     print(x, y, support.sortdict(z))

    >>> def h(j=1, a=2, h=3):
    ...     print(j, a, h)

Argument list examples

    >>> f()
    () {}
    >>> f(1)
    (1,) {}
    >>> f(1, 2)
    (1, 2) {}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3)
    (1, 2, 3) {}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, *(4, 5))
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) {}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, *[4, 5])
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) {}
    >>> f(*[1, 2, 3], 4, 5)
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) {}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, *UserList([4, 5]))
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) {}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, *[4, 5], *[6, 7])
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) {}
    >>> f(1, *[2, 3], 4, *[5, 6], 7)
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) {}
    >>> f(*UserList([1, 2]), *UserList([3, 4]), 5, *UserList([6, 7]))
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) {}

Here we add keyword arguments

    >>> f(1, 2, 3, **{'a':4, 'b':5})
    (1, 2, 3) {'a': 4, 'b': 5}
    >>> f(1, 2, **{'a': -1, 'b': 5}, **{'a': 4, 'c': 6})
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    TypeError: f() got multiple values for keyword argument 'a'
    >>> f(1, 2, **{'a': -1, 'b': 5}, a=4, c=6)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    TypeError: f() got multiple values for keyword argument 'a'
    >>> f(1, 2, a=3, **{'a': 4}, **{'a': 5})
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    TypeError: f() got multiple values for keyword argument 'a'
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, *[4, 5], **{'a':6, 'b':7})
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) {'a': 6, 'b': 7}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, x=4, y=5, *(6, 7), **{'a':8, 'b': 9})
    (1, 2, 3, 6, 7) {'a': 8, 'b': 9, 'x': 4, 'y': 5}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, *[4, 5], **{'c': 8}, **{'a':6, 'b':7})
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) {'a': 6, 'b': 7, 'c': 8}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, *(4, 5), x=6, y=7, **{'a':8, 'b': 9})
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) {'a': 8, 'b': 9, 'x': 6, 'y': 7}

    >>> f(1, 2, 3, **UserDict(a=4, b=5))
    (1, 2, 3) {'a': 4, 'b': 5}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, *(4, 5), **UserDict(a=6, b=7))
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) {'a': 6, 'b': 7}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, x=4, y=5, *(6, 7), **UserDict(a=8, b=9))
    (1, 2, 3, 6, 7) {'a': 8, 'b': 9, 'x': 4, 'y': 5}
    >>> f(1, 2, 3, *(4, 5), x=6, y=7, **UserDict(a=8, b=9))
    (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) {'a': 8, 'b': 9, 'x': 6, 'y': 7}

Examples with invalid arguments (TypeErrors). We're also testing the function
names in the exception messages.

Verify clearing of SF bug #733667

    >>> e(c=4)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: e() got an unexpected keyword argument 'c'

    >>> g()
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: g() missing 1 required positional argument: 'x'

    >>> g(*())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: g() missing 1 required positional argument: 'x'

    >>> g(*(), **{})
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: g() missing 1 required positional argument: 'x'

    >>> g(1)
    1 () {}
    >>> g(1, 2)
    1 (2,) {}
    >>> g(1, 2, 3)
    1 (2, 3) {}
    >>> g(1, 2, 3, *(4, 5))
    1 (2, 3, 4, 5) {}

    >>> class Nothing: pass
    ...
    >>> g(*Nothing())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: g() argument after * must be an iterable, not Nothing

    >>> class Nothing:
    ...     def __len__(self): return 5
    ...

    >>> g(*Nothing())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: g() argument after * must be an iterable, not Nothing

    >>> class Nothing():
    ...     def __len__(self): return 5
    ...     def __getitem__(self, i):
    ...         if i<3: return i
    ...         else: raise IndexError(i)
    ...

    >>> g(*Nothing())
    0 (1, 2) {}

    >>> class Nothing:
    ...     def __init__(self): self.c = 0
    ...     def __iter__(self): return self
    ...     def __next__(self):
    ...         if self.c == 4:
    ...             raise StopIteration
    ...         c = self.c
    ...         self.c += 1
    ...         return c
    ...

    >>> g(*Nothing())
    0 (1, 2, 3) {}

Check for issue #4806: Does a TypeError in a generator get propagated with the
right error message? (Also check with other iterables.)

    >>> def broken(): raise TypeError("myerror")
    ...

    >>> g(*(broken() for i in range(1)))
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: myerror
    >>> g(*range(1), *(broken() for i in range(1)))
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: myerror

    >>> class BrokenIterable1:
    ...     def __iter__(self):
    ...         raise TypeError('myerror')
    ...
    >>> g(*BrokenIterable1())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: myerror
    >>> g(*range(1), *BrokenIterable1())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: myerror

    >>> class BrokenIterable2:
    ...     def __iter__(self):
    ...         yield 0
    ...         raise TypeError('myerror')
    ...
    >>> g(*BrokenIterable2())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: myerror
    >>> g(*range(1), *BrokenIterable2())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: myerror

    >>> class BrokenSequence:
    ...     def __getitem__(self, idx):
    ...         raise TypeError('myerror')
    ...
    >>> g(*BrokenSequence())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: myerror
    >>> g(*range(1), *BrokenSequence())
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: myerror

Make sure that the function doesn't stomp the dictionary

    >>> d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
    >>> d2 = d.copy()
    >>> g(1, d=4, **d)
    1 () {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}
    >>> d == d2
    True

What about willful misconduct?

    >>> def saboteur(**kw):
    ...     kw['x'] = 'm'
    ...     return kw

    >>> d = {}
    >>> kw = saboteur(a=1, **d)
    >>> d
    {}


    >>> g(1, 2, 3, **{'x': 4, 'y': 5})
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: g() got multiple values for argument 'x'

    >>> f(**{1:2})
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: f() keywords must be strings

    >>> h(**{'e': 2})
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() got an unexpected keyword argument 'e'

    >>> h(*h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() argument after * must be an iterable, not function

    >>> h(1, *h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() argument after * must be an iterable, not function

    >>> h(*[1], *h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() argument after * must be an iterable, not function

    >>> dir(*h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: dir() argument after * must be an iterable, not function

    >>> nothing = None
    >>> nothing(*h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: NoneType object argument after * must be an iterable, \
not function

    >>> h(**h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() argument after ** must be a mapping, not function

    >>> h(**[])
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() argument after ** must be a mapping, not list

    >>> h(a=1, **h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() argument after ** must be a mapping, not function

    >>> h(a=1, **[])
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() argument after ** must be a mapping, not list

    >>> h(**{'a': 1}, **h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() argument after ** must be a mapping, not function

    >>> h(**{'a': 1}, **[])
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: h() argument after ** must be a mapping, not list

    >>> dir(**h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: dir() argument after ** must be a mapping, not function

    >>> nothing(**h)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: NoneType object argument after ** must be a mapping, \
not function

    >>> dir(b=1, **{'b': 1})
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      ...
    TypeError: dir() got multiple values for keyword argument 'b'

Test a kwargs mapping with duplicated keys.

    >>> from collections.abc import Mapping
    >>> class MultiDict(Mapping):
    ...     def __init__(self, items):
    ...         self._items = items
    ...
    ...     def __iter__(self):
    ...         return (k for k, v in self._items)
    ...
    ...     def __getitem__(self, key):
    ...         for k, v in self._items:
    ...             if k == key:
    ...                 return v
    ...         raise KeyError(key)
    ...
    ...     def __len__(self):
    ...         return len(self._items)
    ...
    ...     def keys(self):
    ...         return [k for k, v in self._items]
    ...
    ...     def values(self):
    ...         return [v for k, v in self._items]
    ...
    ...     def items(self):