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from collections import OrderedDict, abc
from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
import functools
import itertools
import re
import numpy as np
import numpy.ma as ma
import numpy.ma.mrecords as mrecords
import pytest
import pytz
from pandas.compat import PY37, is_platform_little_endian
from pandas.compat.numpy import _np_version_under1p19
from pandas.core.dtypes.common import is_integer_dtype
from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import DatetimeTZDtype, IntervalDtype, PeriodDtype
import pandas as pd
from pandas import (
Categorical,
CategoricalIndex,
DataFrame,
Index,
Interval,
MultiIndex,
Period,
RangeIndex,
Series,
Timedelta,
Timestamp,
date_range,
isna,
)
import pandas._testing as tm
from pandas.arrays import IntervalArray, PeriodArray, SparseArray
from pandas.core.construction import create_series_with_explicit_dtype
MIXED_FLOAT_DTYPES = ["float16", "float32", "float64"]
MIXED_INT_DTYPES = [
"uint8",
"uint16",
"uint32",
"uint64",
"int8",
"int16",
"int32",
"int64",
]
class TestDataFrameConstructors:
def test_series_with_name_not_matching_column(self):
# GH#9232
x = Series(range(5), name=1)
y = Series(range(5), name=0)
result = DataFrame(x, columns=[0])
expected = DataFrame([], columns=[0])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
result = DataFrame(y, columns=[1])
expected = DataFrame([], columns=[1])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"constructor",
[
lambda: DataFrame(),
lambda: DataFrame(None),
lambda: DataFrame({}),
lambda: DataFrame(()),
lambda: DataFrame([]),
lambda: DataFrame((_ for _ in [])),
lambda: DataFrame(range(0)),
lambda: DataFrame(data=None),
lambda: DataFrame(data={}),
lambda: DataFrame(data=()),
lambda: DataFrame(data=[]),
lambda: DataFrame(data=(_ for _ in [])),
lambda: DataFrame(data=range(0)),
],
)
def test_empty_constructor(self, constructor):
expected = DataFrame()
result = constructor()
assert len(result.index) == 0
assert len(result.columns) == 0
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"emptylike,expected_index,expected_columns",
[
([[]], RangeIndex(1), RangeIndex(0)),
([[], []], RangeIndex(2), RangeIndex(0)),
([(_ for _ in [])], RangeIndex(1), RangeIndex(0)),
],
)
def test_emptylike_constructor(self, emptylike, expected_index, expected_columns):
expected = DataFrame(index=expected_index, columns=expected_columns)
result = DataFrame(emptylike)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_mixed(self, float_string_frame):
index, data = tm.getMixedTypeDict()
# TODO(wesm), incomplete test?
indexed_frame = DataFrame(data, index=index) # noqa
unindexed_frame = DataFrame(data) # noqa
assert float_string_frame["foo"].dtype == np.object_
def test_constructor_cast_failure(self):
foo = DataFrame({"a": ["a", "b", "c"]}, dtype=np.float64)
assert foo["a"].dtype == object
# GH 3010, constructing with odd arrays
df = DataFrame(np.ones((4, 2)))
# this is ok
df["foo"] = np.ones((4, 2)).tolist()
# this is not ok
msg = "Wrong number of items passed 2, placement implies 1"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
df["test"] = np.ones((4, 2))
# this is ok
df["foo2"] = np.ones((4, 2)).tolist()
def test_constructor_dtype_copy(self):
orig_df = DataFrame({"col1": [1.0], "col2": [2.0], "col3": [3.0]})
new_df = DataFrame(orig_df, dtype=float, copy=True)
new_df["col1"] = 200.0
assert orig_df["col1"][0] == 1.0
def test_constructor_dtype_nocast_view(self):
df = DataFrame([[1, 2]])
should_be_view = DataFrame(df, dtype=df[0].dtype)
should_be_view[0][0] = 99
assert df.values[0, 0] == 99
should_be_view = DataFrame(df.values, dtype=df[0].dtype)
should_be_view[0][0] = 97
assert df.values[0, 0] == 97
def test_constructor_dtype_list_data(self):
df = DataFrame([[1, "2"], [None, "a"]], dtype=object)
assert df.loc[1, 0] is None
assert df.loc[0, 1] == "2"
@pytest.mark.skipif(_np_version_under1p19, reason="NumPy change.")
def test_constructor_list_of_2d_raises(self):
# https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/32289
a = pd.DataFrame()
b = np.empty((0, 0))
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"shape=\(1, 0, 0\)"):
pd.DataFrame([a])
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"shape=\(1, 0, 0\)"):
pd.DataFrame([b])
a = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2]})
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"shape=\(2, 2, 1\)"):
pd.DataFrame([a, a])
def test_constructor_mixed_dtypes(self):
def _make_mixed_dtypes_df(typ, ad=None):
if typ == "int":
dtypes = MIXED_INT_DTYPES
arrays = [np.array(np.random.rand(10), dtype=d) for d in dtypes]
elif typ == "float":
dtypes = MIXED_FLOAT_DTYPES
arrays = [
np.array(np.random.randint(10, size=10), dtype=d) for d in dtypes
]
for d, a in zip(dtypes, arrays):
assert a.dtype == d
if ad is None:
ad = dict()
ad.update({d: a for d, a in zip(dtypes, arrays)})
return DataFrame(ad)
def _check_mixed_dtypes(df, dtypes=None):
if dtypes is None:
dtypes = MIXED_FLOAT_DTYPES + MIXED_INT_DTYPES
for d in dtypes:
if d in df:
assert df.dtypes[d] == d
# mixed floating and integer coexist in the same frame
df = _make_mixed_dtypes_df("float")
_check_mixed_dtypes(df)
# add lots of types
df = _make_mixed_dtypes_df("float", dict(A=1, B="foo", C="bar"))
_check_mixed_dtypes(df)
# GH 622
df = _make_mixed_dtypes_df("int")
_check_mixed_dtypes(df)
def test_constructor_complex_dtypes(self):
# GH10952
a = np.random.rand(10).astype(np.complex64)
b = np.random.rand(10).astype(np.complex128)
df = DataFrame({"a": a, "b": b})
assert a.dtype == df.a.dtype
assert b.dtype == df.b.dtype
def test_constructor_dtype_str_na_values(self, string_dtype):
# https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/21083
df = DataFrame({"A": ["x", None]}, dtype=string_dtype)
result = df.isna()
expected = DataFrame({"A": [False, True]})
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
assert df.iloc[1, 0] is None
df = DataFrame({"A": ["x", np.nan]}, dtype=string_dtype)
assert np.isnan(df.iloc[1, 0])
def test_constructor_rec(self, float_frame):
rec = float_frame.to_records(index=False)
rec.dtype.names = list(rec.dtype.names)[::-1]
index = float_frame.index
df = DataFrame(rec)
tm.assert_index_equal(df.columns, Index(rec.dtype.names))
df2 = DataFrame(rec, index=index)
tm.assert_index_equal(df2.columns, Index(rec.dtype.names))
tm.assert_index_equal(df2.index, index)
rng = np.arange(len(rec))[::-1]
df3 = DataFrame(rec, index=rng, columns=["C", "B"])
expected = DataFrame(rec, index=rng).reindex(columns=["C", "B"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(df3, expected)
def test_constructor_bool(self):
df = DataFrame({0: np.ones(10, dtype=bool), 1: np.zeros(10, dtype=bool)})
assert df.values.dtype == np.bool_
def test_constructor_overflow_int64(self):
# see gh-14881
values = np.array([2 ** 64 - i for i in range(1, 10)], dtype=np.uint64)
result = DataFrame({"a": values})
assert result["a"].dtype == np.uint64
# see gh-2355
data_scores = [
(6311132704823138710, 273),
(2685045978526272070, 23),
(8921811264899370420, 45),
(17019687244989530680, 270),
(9930107427299601010, 273),
]
dtype = [("uid", "u8"), ("score", "u8")]
data = np.zeros((len(data_scores),), dtype=dtype)
data[:] = data_scores
df_crawls = DataFrame(data)
assert df_crawls["uid"].dtype == np.uint64
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"values",
[
np.array([2 ** 64], dtype=object),
np.array([2 ** 65]),
[2 ** 64 + 1],
np.array([-(2 ** 63) - 4], dtype=object),
np.array([-(2 ** 64) - 1]),
[-(2 ** 65) - 2],
],
)
def test_constructor_int_overflow(self, values):
# see gh-18584
value = values[0]
result = DataFrame(values)
assert result[0].dtype == object
assert result[0][0] == value
def test_constructor_ordereddict(self):
import random
nitems = 100
nums = list(range(nitems))
random.shuffle(nums)
expected = [f"A{i:d}" for i in nums]
df = DataFrame(OrderedDict(zip(expected, [[0]] * nitems)))
assert expected == list(df.columns)
def test_constructor_dict(self):
datetime_series = tm.makeTimeSeries(nper=30)
# test expects index shifted by 5
datetime_series_short = tm.makeTimeSeries(nper=30)[5:]
frame = DataFrame({"col1": datetime_series, "col2": datetime_series_short})
# col2 is padded with NaN
assert len(datetime_series) == 30
assert len(datetime_series_short) == 25
tm.assert_series_equal(frame["col1"], datetime_series.rename("col1"))
exp = Series(
np.concatenate([[np.nan] * 5, datetime_series_short.values]),
index=datetime_series.index,
name="col2",
)
tm.assert_series_equal(exp, frame["col2"])
frame = DataFrame(
{"col1": datetime_series, "col2": datetime_series_short},
columns=["col2", "col3", "col4"],
)
assert len(frame) == len(datetime_series_short)
assert "col1" not in frame
assert isna(frame["col3"]).all()
# Corner cases
assert len(DataFrame()) == 0
# mix dict and array, wrong size - no spec for which error should raise
# first
msg = "Mixing dicts with non-Series may lead to ambiguous ordering."
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame({"A": {"a": "a", "b": "b"}, "B": ["a", "b", "c"]})
# Length-one dict micro-optimization
frame = DataFrame({"A": {"1": 1, "2": 2}})
tm.assert_index_equal(frame.index, Index(["1", "2"]))
# empty dict plus index
idx = Index([0, 1, 2])
frame = DataFrame({}, index=idx)
assert frame.index is idx
# empty dict with index and columns
idx = Index([0, 1, 2])
frame = DataFrame({}, index=idx, columns=idx)
assert frame.index is idx
assert frame.columns is idx
assert len(frame._series) == 3
# with dict of empty list and Series
frame = DataFrame({"A": [], "B": []}, columns=["A", "B"])
tm.assert_index_equal(frame.index, Index([], dtype=np.int64))
# GH 14381
# Dict with None value
frame_none = DataFrame(dict(a=None), index=[0])
frame_none_list = DataFrame(dict(a=[None]), index=[0])
assert frame_none._get_value(0, "a") is None
assert frame_none_list._get_value(0, "a") is None
tm.assert_frame_equal(frame_none, frame_none_list)
# GH10856
# dict with scalar values should raise error, even if columns passed
msg = "If using all scalar values, you must pass an index"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame({"a": 0.7})
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame({"a": 0.7}, columns=["a"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("scalar", [2, np.nan, None, "D"])
def test_constructor_invalid_items_unused(self, scalar):
# No error if invalid (scalar) value is in fact not used:
result = DataFrame({"a": scalar}, columns=["b"])
expected = DataFrame(columns=["b"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [2, np.nan, None, float("nan")])
def test_constructor_dict_nan_key(self, value):
# GH 18455
cols = [1, value, 3]
idx = ["a", value]
values = [[0, 3], [1, 4], [2, 5]]
data = {cols[c]: Series(values[c], index=idx) for c in range(3)}
result = DataFrame(data).sort_values(1).sort_values("a", axis=1)
expected = DataFrame(
np.arange(6, dtype="int64").reshape(2, 3), index=idx, columns=cols
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
result = DataFrame(data, index=idx).sort_values("a", axis=1)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
result = DataFrame(data, index=idx, columns=cols)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [np.nan, None, float("nan")])
def test_constructor_dict_nan_tuple_key(self, value):
# GH 18455
cols = Index([(11, 21), (value, 22), (13, value)])
idx = Index([("a", value), (value, 2)])
values = [[0, 3], [1, 4], [2, 5]]
data = {cols[c]: Series(values[c], index=idx) for c in range(3)}
result = DataFrame(data).sort_values((11, 21)).sort_values(("a", value), axis=1)
expected = DataFrame(
np.arange(6, dtype="int64").reshape(2, 3), index=idx, columns=cols
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
result = DataFrame(data, index=idx).sort_values(("a", value), axis=1)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
result = DataFrame(data, index=idx, columns=cols)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_dict_order_insertion(self):
datetime_series = tm.makeTimeSeries(nper=30)
datetime_series_short = tm.makeTimeSeries(nper=25)
# GH19018
# initialization ordering: by insertion order if python>= 3.6
d = {"b": datetime_series_short, "a": datetime_series}
frame = DataFrame(data=d)
expected = DataFrame(data=d, columns=list("ba"))
tm.assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)
def test_constructor_dict_nan_key_and_columns(self):
# GH 16894
result = DataFrame({np.nan: [1, 2], 2: [2, 3]}, columns=[np.nan, 2])
expected = DataFrame([[1, 2], [2, 3]], columns=[np.nan, 2])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_multi_index(self):
# GH 4078
# construction error with mi and all-nan frame
tuples = [(2, 3), (3, 3), (3, 3)]
mi = MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples)
df = DataFrame(index=mi, columns=mi)
assert isna(df).values.ravel().all()
tuples = [(3, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3)]
mi = MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples)
df = DataFrame(index=mi, columns=mi)
assert isna(df).values.ravel().all()
def test_constructor_2d_index(self):
# GH 25416
# handling of 2d index in construction
df = DataFrame([[1]], columns=[[1]], index=[1, 2])
expected = DataFrame(
[1, 1],
index=pd.Int64Index([1, 2], dtype="int64"),
columns=MultiIndex(levels=[[1]], codes=[[0]]),
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
df = DataFrame([[1]], columns=[[1]], index=[[1, 2]])
expected = DataFrame(
[1, 1],
index=MultiIndex(levels=[[1, 2]], codes=[[0, 1]]),
columns=MultiIndex(levels=[[1]], codes=[[0]]),
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
def test_constructor_error_msgs(self):
msg = "Empty data passed with indices specified."
# passing an empty array with columns specified.
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame(np.empty(0), columns=list("abc"))
msg = "Mixing dicts with non-Series may lead to ambiguous ordering."
# mix dict and array, wrong size
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame({"A": {"a": "a", "b": "b"}, "B": ["a", "b", "c"]})
# wrong size ndarray, GH 3105
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(4, 3\), indices imply \(3, 3\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame(
np.arange(12).reshape((4, 3)),
columns=["foo", "bar", "baz"],
index=date_range("2000-01-01", periods=3),
)
arr = np.array([[4, 5, 6]])
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(1, 3\), indices imply \(1, 4\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame(index=[0], columns=range(0, 4), data=arr)
arr = np.array([4, 5, 6])
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(3, 1\), indices imply \(1, 4\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame(index=[0], columns=range(0, 4), data=arr)
# higher dim raise exception
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Must pass 2-d input"):
DataFrame(np.zeros((3, 3, 3)), columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1])
# wrong size axis labels
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(2, 3\), indices imply \(1, 3\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame(np.random.rand(2, 3), columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1])
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(2, 3\), indices imply \(2, 2\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame(np.random.rand(2, 3), columns=["A", "B"], index=[1, 2])
# gh-26429
msg = "2 columns passed, passed data had 10 columns"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame((range(10), range(10, 20)), columns=("ones", "twos"))
msg = "If using all scalar values, you must pass an index"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame({"a": False, "b": True})
def test_constructor_subclass_dict(self, float_frame, dict_subclass):
# Test for passing dict subclass to constructor
data = {
"col1": dict_subclass((x, 10.0 * x) for x in range(10)),
"col2": dict_subclass((x, 20.0 * x) for x in range(10)),
}
df = DataFrame(data)
refdf = DataFrame({col: dict(val.items()) for col, val in data.items()})
tm.assert_frame_equal(refdf, df)
data = dict_subclass(data.items())
df = DataFrame(data)
tm.assert_frame_equal(refdf, df)
# try with defaultdict
from collections import defaultdict
data = {}
float_frame["B"][:10] = np.nan
for k, v in float_frame.items():
dct = defaultdict(dict)
dct.update(v.to_dict())
data[k] = dct
frame = DataFrame(data)
expected = frame.reindex(index=float_frame.index)
tm.assert_frame_equal(float_frame, expected)
def test_constructor_dict_block(self):
expected = np.array([[4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0]])
df = DataFrame(
{"d": [4.0], "c": [3.0], "b": [2.0], "a": [1.0]},
columns=["d", "c", "b", "a"],
)
tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(df.values, expected)
def test_constructor_dict_cast(self):
# cast float tests
test_data = {"A": {"1": 1, "2": 2}, "B": {"1": "1", "2": "2", "3": "3"}}
frame = DataFrame(test_data, dtype=float)
assert len(frame) == 3
assert frame["B"].dtype == np.float64
assert frame["A"].dtype == np.float64
frame = DataFrame(test_data)
assert len(frame) == 3
assert frame["B"].dtype == np.object_
assert frame["A"].dtype == np.float64
# can't cast to float
test_data = {
"A": dict(zip(range(20), tm.makeStringIndex(20))),
"B": dict(zip(range(15), np.random.randn(15))),
}
frame = DataFrame(test_data, dtype=float)
assert len(frame) == 20
assert frame["A"].dtype == np.object_
assert frame["B"].dtype == np.float64
def test_constructor_dict_dont_upcast(self):
d = {"Col1": {"Row1": "A String", "Row2": np.nan}}
df = DataFrame(d)
assert isinstance(df["Col1"]["Row2"], float)
dm = DataFrame([[1, 2], ["a", "b"]], index=[1, 2], columns=[1, 2])
assert isinstance(dm[1][1], int)
def test_constructor_dict_of_tuples(self):
# GH #1491
data = {"a": (1, 2, 3), "b": (4, 5, 6)}
result = DataFrame(data)
expected = DataFrame({k: list(v) for k, v in data.items()})
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_dtype=False)
def test_constructor_dict_of_ranges(self):
# GH 26356
data = {"a": range(3), "b": range(3, 6)}
result = DataFrame(data)
expected = DataFrame({"a": [0, 1, 2], "b": [3, 4, 5]})
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_dict_of_iterators(self):
# GH 26349
data = {"a": iter(range(3)), "b": reversed(range(3))}
result = DataFrame(data)
expected = DataFrame({"a": [0, 1, 2], "b": [2, 1, 0]})
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_dict_of_generators(self):
# GH 26349
data = {"a": (i for i in (range(3))), "b": (i for i in reversed(range(3)))}
result = DataFrame(data)
expected = DataFrame({"a": [0, 1, 2], "b": [2, 1, 0]})
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_dict_multiindex(self):
def check(result, expected):
return tm.assert_frame_equal(
result,
expected,
check_dtype=True,
check_index_type=True,
check_column_type=True,
check_names=True,
)
d = {
("a", "a"): {("i", "i"): 0, ("i", "j"): 1, ("j", "i"): 2},
("b", "a"): {("i", "i"): 6, ("i", "j"): 5, ("j", "i"): 4},
("b", "c"): {("i", "i"): 7, ("i", "j"): 8, ("j", "i"): 9},
}
_d = sorted(d.items())
df = DataFrame(d)
expected = DataFrame(
[x[1] for x in _d], index=MultiIndex.from_tuples([x[0] for x in _d])
).T
expected.index = MultiIndex.from_tuples(expected.index)
check(df, expected)
d["z"] = {"y": 123.0, ("i", "i"): 111, ("i", "j"): 111, ("j", "i"): 111}
_d.insert(0, ("z", d["z"]))
expected = DataFrame(
[x[1] for x in _d], index=Index([x[0] for x in _d], tupleize_cols=False)
).T
expected.index = Index(expected.index, tupleize_cols=False)
df = DataFrame(d)
df = df.reindex(columns=expected.columns, index=expected.index)
check(df, expected)
def test_constructor_dict_datetime64_index(self):
# GH 10160
dates_as_str = ["1984-02-19", "1988-11-06", "1989-12-03", "1990-03-15"]
def create_data(constructor):
return {i: {constructor(s): 2 * i} for i, s in enumerate(dates_as_str)}
data_datetime64 = create_data(np.datetime64)
data_datetime = create_data(lambda x: datetime.strptime(x, "%Y-%m-%d"))
data_Timestamp = create_data(Timestamp)
expected = DataFrame(
[
{0: 0, 1: None, 2: None, 3: None},
{0: None, 1: 2, 2: None, 3: None},
{0: None, 1: None, 2: 4, 3: None},
{0: None, 1: None, 2: None, 3: 6},
],
index=[Timestamp(dt) for dt in dates_as_str],
)
result_datetime64 = DataFrame(data_datetime64)
result_datetime = DataFrame(data_datetime)
result_Timestamp = DataFrame(data_Timestamp)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result_datetime64, expected)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result_datetime, expected)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result_Timestamp, expected)
def test_constructor_dict_timedelta64_index(self):
# GH 10160
td_as_int = [1, 2, 3, 4]
def create_data(constructor):
return {i: {constructor(s): 2 * i} for i, s in enumerate(td_as_int)}
data_timedelta64 = create_data(lambda x: np.timedelta64(x, "D"))
data_timedelta = create_data(lambda x: timedelta(days=x))
data_Timedelta = create_data(lambda x: Timedelta(x, "D"))
expected = DataFrame(
[
{0: 0, 1: None, 2: None, 3: None},
{0: None, 1: 2, 2: None, 3: None},
{0: None, 1: None, 2: 4, 3: None},
{0: None, 1: None, 2: None, 3: 6},
],
index=[Timedelta(td, "D") for td in td_as_int],
)
result_timedelta64 = DataFrame(data_timedelta64)
result_timedelta = DataFrame(data_timedelta)
result_Timedelta = DataFrame(data_Timedelta)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result_timedelta64, expected)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result_timedelta, expected)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result_Timedelta, expected)
def test_constructor_period_dict(self):
# PeriodIndex
a = pd.PeriodIndex(["2012-01", "NaT", "2012-04"], freq="M")
b = pd.PeriodIndex(["2012-02-01", "2012-03-01", "NaT"], freq="D")
df = DataFrame({"a": a, "b": b})
assert df["a"].dtype == a.dtype
assert df["b"].dtype == b.dtype
# list of periods
df = DataFrame({"a": a.astype(object).tolist(), "b": b.astype(object).tolist()})
assert df["a"].dtype == a.dtype
assert df["b"].dtype == b.dtype
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"data,dtype",
[
(Period("2020-01"), PeriodDtype("M")),
(Interval(left=0, right=5), IntervalDtype("int64")),
(
Timestamp("2011-01-01", tz="US/Eastern"),
DatetimeTZDtype(tz="US/Eastern"),
),
],
)
def test_constructor_extension_scalar_data(self, data, dtype):
# GH 34832
df = DataFrame(index=[0, 1], columns=["a", "b"], data=data)
assert df["a"].dtype == dtype
assert df["b"].dtype == dtype
arr = pd.array([data] * 2, dtype=dtype)
expected = DataFrame({"a": arr, "b": arr})
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
def test_nested_dict_frame_constructor(self):
rng = pd.period_range("1/1/2000", periods=5)
df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 5), columns=rng)
data = {}
for col in df.columns:
for row in df.index:
data.setdefault(col, {})[row] = df._get_value(row, col)
result = DataFrame(data, columns=rng)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)
data = {}
for col in df.columns:
for row in df.index:
data.setdefault(row, {})[col] = df._get_value(row, col)
result = DataFrame(data, index=rng).T
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)
def _check_basic_constructor(self, empty):
# mat: 2d matrix with shape (3, 2) to input. empty - makes sized
# objects
mat = empty((2, 3), dtype=float)
# 2-D input
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2])
assert len(frame.index) == 2
assert len(frame.columns) == 3
# 1-D input
frame = DataFrame(empty((3,)), columns=["A"], index=[1, 2, 3])
assert len(frame.index) == 3
assert len(frame.columns) == 1
# cast type
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2], dtype=np.int64)
assert frame.values.dtype == np.int64
# wrong size axis labels
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(2, 3\), indices imply \(1, 3\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1])
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(2, 3\), indices imply \(2, 2\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B"], index=[1, 2])
# higher dim raise exception
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Must pass 2-d input"):
DataFrame(empty((3, 3, 3)), columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1])
# automatic labeling
frame = DataFrame(mat)
tm.assert_index_equal(frame.index, pd.Int64Index(range(2)))
tm.assert_index_equal(frame.columns, pd.Int64Index(range(3)))
frame = DataFrame(mat, index=[1, 2])
tm.assert_index_equal(frame.columns, pd.Int64Index(range(3)))
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"])
tm.assert_index_equal(frame.index, pd.Int64Index(range(2)))
# 0-length axis
frame = DataFrame(empty((0, 3)))
assert len(frame.index) == 0
frame = DataFrame(empty((3, 0)))
assert len(frame.columns) == 0
def test_constructor_ndarray(self):
self._check_basic_constructor(np.ones)
frame = DataFrame(["foo", "bar"], index=[0, 1], columns=["A"])
assert len(frame) == 2
def test_constructor_maskedarray(self):
self._check_basic_constructor(ma.masked_all)
# Check non-masked values
mat = ma.masked_all((2, 3), dtype=float)
mat[0, 0] = 1.0
mat[1, 2] = 2.0
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2])
assert 1.0 == frame["A"][1]
assert 2.0 == frame["C"][2]
# what is this even checking??
mat = ma.masked_all((2, 3), dtype=float)
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2])
assert np.all(~np.asarray(frame == frame))
def test_constructor_maskedarray_nonfloat(self):
# masked int promoted to float
mat = ma.masked_all((2, 3), dtype=int)
# 2-D input
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2])
assert len(frame.index) == 2
assert len(frame.columns) == 3
assert np.all(~np.asarray(frame == frame))
# cast type
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2], dtype=np.float64)
assert frame.values.dtype == np.float64
# Check non-masked values
mat2 = ma.copy(mat)
mat2[0, 0] = 1
mat2[1, 2] = 2
frame = DataFrame(mat2, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2])
assert 1 == frame["A"][1]
assert 2 == frame["C"][2]
# masked np.datetime64 stays (use NaT as null)
mat = ma.masked_all((2, 3), dtype="M8[ns]")
# 2-D input
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2])
assert len(frame.index) == 2
assert len(frame.columns) == 3
assert isna(frame).values.all()
# cast type
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2], dtype=np.int64)
assert frame.values.dtype == np.int64
# Check non-masked values
mat2 = ma.copy(mat)
mat2[0, 0] = 1
mat2[1, 2] = 2
frame = DataFrame(mat2, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2])
assert 1 == frame["A"].view("i8")[1]
assert 2 == frame["C"].view("i8")[2]
# masked bool promoted to object
mat = ma.masked_all((2, 3), dtype=bool)
# 2-D input
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2])
assert len(frame.index) == 2
assert len(frame.columns) == 3
assert np.all(~np.asarray(frame == frame))
# cast type
frame = DataFrame(mat, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2], dtype=object)
assert frame.values.dtype == object
# Check non-masked values
mat2 = ma.copy(mat)
mat2[0, 0] = True
mat2[1, 2] = False
frame = DataFrame(mat2, columns=["A", "B", "C"], index=[1, 2])
assert frame["A"][1] is True
assert frame["C"][2] is False
def test_constructor_maskedarray_hardened(self):
# Check numpy masked arrays with hard masks -- from GH24574
mat_hard = ma.masked_all((2, 2), dtype=float).harden_mask()
result = DataFrame(mat_hard, columns=["A", "B"], index=[1, 2])
expected = DataFrame(
{"A": [np.nan, np.nan], "B": [np.nan, np.nan]},
columns=["A", "B"],
index=[1, 2],
dtype=float,
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
# Check case where mask is hard but no data are masked
mat_hard = ma.ones((2, 2), dtype=float).harden_mask()
result = DataFrame(mat_hard, columns=["A", "B"], index=[1, 2])
expected = DataFrame(
{"A": [1.0, 1.0], "B": [1.0, 1.0]},
columns=["A", "B"],
index=[1, 2],
dtype=float,
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_maskedrecarray_dtype(self):
# Ensure constructor honors dtype
data = np.ma.array(
np.ma.zeros(5, dtype=[("date", "<f8"), ("price", "<f8")]), mask=[False] * 5
)
data = data.view(mrecords.mrecarray)
result = DataFrame(data, dtype=int)
expected = DataFrame(np.zeros((5, 2), dtype=int), columns=["date", "price"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_mrecarray(self):
# Ensure mrecarray produces frame identical to dict of masked arrays
# from GH3479
assert_fr_equal = functools.partial(
tm.assert_frame_equal, check_index_type=True, check_column_type=True,
)
arrays = [
("float", np.array([1.5, 2.0])),
("int", np.array([1, 2])),
("str", np.array(["abc", "def"])),
]
for name, arr in arrays[:]:
arrays.append(
("masked1_" + name, np.ma.masked_array(arr, mask=[False, True]))
)
arrays.append(("masked_all", np.ma.masked_all((2,))))
arrays.append(("masked_none", np.ma.masked_array([1.0, 2.5], mask=False)))
# call assert_frame_equal for all selections of 3 arrays
for comb in itertools.combinations(arrays, 3):
names, data = zip(*comb)
mrecs = mrecords.fromarrays(data, names=names)
# fill the comb
comb = {k: (v.filled() if hasattr(v, "filled") else v) for k, v in comb}
expected = DataFrame(comb, columns=names)
result = DataFrame(mrecs)
assert_fr_equal(result, expected)
# specify columns
expected = DataFrame(comb, columns=names[::-1])
result = DataFrame(mrecs, columns=names[::-1])
assert_fr_equal(result, expected)
# specify index
expected = DataFrame(comb, columns=names, index=[1, 2])
result = DataFrame(mrecs, index=[1, 2])
assert_fr_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_corner_shape(self):
df = DataFrame(index=[])
assert df.values.shape == (0, 0)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"data, index, columns, dtype, expected",
[
(None, list(range(10)), ["a", "b"], object, np.object_),
(None, None, ["a", "b"], "int64", np.dtype("int64")),
(None, list(range(10)), ["a", "b"], int, np.dtype("float64")),
({}, None, ["foo", "bar"], None, np.object_),
({"b": 1}, list(range(10)), list("abc"), int, np.dtype("float64")),
],
)
def test_constructor_dtype(self, data, index, columns, dtype, expected):
df = DataFrame(data, index, columns, dtype)
assert df.values.dtype == expected
def test_constructor_scalar_inference(self):
data = {"int": 1, "bool": True, "float": 3.0, "complex": 4j, "object": "foo"}
df = DataFrame(data, index=np.arange(10))
assert df["int"].dtype == np.int64
assert df["bool"].dtype == np.bool_
assert df["float"].dtype == np.float64
assert df["complex"].dtype == np.complex128
assert df["object"].dtype == np.object_
def test_constructor_arrays_and_scalars(self):
df = DataFrame({"a": np.random.randn(10), "b": True})
exp = DataFrame({"a": df["a"].values, "b": [True] * 10})
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, exp)
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must pass an index"):
DataFrame({"a": False, "b": True})
def test_constructor_DataFrame(self, float_frame):
df = DataFrame(float_frame)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, float_frame)
df_casted = DataFrame(float_frame, dtype=np.int64)
assert df_casted.values.dtype == np.int64
def test_constructor_more(self, float_frame):
# used to be in test_matrix.py
arr = np.random.randn(10)
dm = DataFrame(arr, columns=["A"], index=np.arange(10))
assert dm.values.ndim == 2
arr = np.random.randn(0)
dm = DataFrame(arr)
assert dm.values.ndim == 2
assert dm.values.ndim == 2
# no data specified
dm = DataFrame(columns=["A", "B"], index=np.arange(10))
assert dm.values.shape == (10, 2)
dm = DataFrame(columns=["A", "B"])
assert dm.values.shape == (0, 2)
dm = DataFrame(index=np.arange(10))
assert dm.values.shape == (10, 0)
# can't cast
mat = np.array(["foo", "bar"], dtype=object).reshape(2, 1)
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="cast"):
DataFrame(mat, index=[0, 1], columns=[0], dtype=float)
dm = DataFrame(DataFrame(float_frame._series))
tm.assert_frame_equal(dm, float_frame)
# int cast
dm = DataFrame(
{"A": np.ones(10, dtype=int), "B": np.ones(10, dtype=np.float64)},
index=np.arange(10),
)
assert len(dm.columns) == 2
assert dm.values.dtype == np.float64
def test_constructor_empty_list(self):
df = DataFrame([], index=[])
expected = DataFrame(index=[])
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
# GH 9939
df = DataFrame([], columns=["A", "B"])
expected = DataFrame({}, columns=["A", "B"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
# Empty generator: list(empty_gen()) == []
def empty_gen():
return
yield
df = DataFrame(empty_gen(), columns=["A", "B"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
def test_constructor_list_of_lists(self):
# GH #484
df = DataFrame(data=[[1, "a"], [2, "b"]], columns=["num", "str"])
assert is_integer_dtype(df["num"])
assert df["str"].dtype == np.object_
# GH 4851
# list of 0-dim ndarrays
expected = DataFrame({0: np.arange(10)})
data = [np.array(x) for x in range(10)]
result = DataFrame(data)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_list_like_data_nested_list_column(self):
# GH 32173
arrays = [list("abcd"), list("cdef")]
result = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 5, 6, 7]], columns=arrays)
mi = MultiIndex.from_arrays(arrays)
expected = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 5, 6, 7]], columns=mi)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_wrong_length_nested_list_column(self):
# GH 32173
arrays = [list("abc"), list("cde")]
msg = "3 columns passed, passed data had 4"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame([[1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 5, 6, 7]], columns=arrays)
def test_constructor_unequal_length_nested_list_column(self):
# GH 32173
arrays = [list("abcd"), list("cde")]
msg = "Length of columns passed for MultiIndex columns is different"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame([[1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 5, 6, 7]], columns=arrays)
def test_constructor_sequence_like(self):
# GH 3783
# collections.Squence like
class DummyContainer(abc.Sequence):
def __init__(self, lst):
self._lst = lst
def __getitem__(self, n):
return self._lst.__getitem__(n)
def __len__(self, n):
return self._lst.__len__()
lst_containers = [DummyContainer([1, "a"]), DummyContainer([2, "b"])]
columns = ["num", "str"]
result = DataFrame(lst_containers, columns=columns)
expected = DataFrame([[1, "a"], [2, "b"]], columns=columns)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_dtype=False)
# GH 4297
# support Array
import array
result = DataFrame({"A": array.array("i", range(10))})
expected = DataFrame({"A": list(range(10))})
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_dtype=False)
expected = DataFrame([list(range(10)), list(range(10))])
result = DataFrame([array.array("i", range(10)), array.array("i", range(10))])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_dtype=False)
def test_constructor_range(self):
# GH26342
result = DataFrame(range(10))
expected = DataFrame(list(range(10)))
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_list_of_ranges(self):
result = DataFrame([range(10), range(10)])
expected = DataFrame([list(range(10)), list(range(10))])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_iterable(self):
# GH 21987
class Iter:
def __iter__(self):
for i in range(10):
yield [1, 2, 3]
expected = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3]] * 10)
result = DataFrame(Iter())
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_iterator(self):
result = DataFrame(iter(range(10)))
expected = DataFrame(list(range(10)))
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_list_of_iterators(self):
result = DataFrame([iter(range(10)), iter(range(10))])
expected = DataFrame([list(range(10)), list(range(10))])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_generator(self):
# related #2305
gen1 = (i for i in range(10))
gen2 = (i for i in range(10))
expected = DataFrame([list(range(10)), list(range(10))])
result = DataFrame([gen1, gen2])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
gen = ([i, "a"] for i in range(10))
result = DataFrame(gen)
expected = DataFrame({0: range(10), 1: "a"})
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected, check_dtype=False)
def test_constructor_list_of_odicts(self):
data = [
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3], ["c", 4], ["d", 6]]),
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3], ["d", 6]]),
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["d", 6]]),
OrderedDict(),
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3], ["c", 4]]),
OrderedDict([["b", 3], ["c", 4], ["d", 6]]),
]
result = DataFrame(data)
expected = DataFrame.from_dict(
dict(zip(range(len(data)), data)), orient="index"
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected.reindex(result.index))
result = DataFrame([{}])
expected = DataFrame(index=[0])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_single_row(self):
data = [OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3], ["c", 4], ["d", 6]])]
result = DataFrame(data)
expected = DataFrame.from_dict(dict(zip([0], data)), orient="index").reindex(
result.index
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_ordered_dict_preserve_order(self):
# see gh-13304
expected = DataFrame([[2, 1]], columns=["b", "a"])
data = OrderedDict()
data["b"] = [2]
data["a"] = [1]
result = DataFrame(data)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
data = OrderedDict()
data["b"] = 2
data["a"] = 1
result = DataFrame([data])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_ordered_dict_conflicting_orders(self):
# the first dict element sets the ordering for the DataFrame,
# even if there are conflicting orders from subsequent ones
row_one = OrderedDict()
row_one["b"] = 2
row_one["a"] = 1
row_two = OrderedDict()
row_two["a"] = 1
row_two["b"] = 2
row_three = {"b": 2, "a": 1}
expected = DataFrame([[2, 1], [2, 1]], columns=["b", "a"])
result = DataFrame([row_one, row_two])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
expected = DataFrame([[2, 1], [2, 1], [2, 1]], columns=["b", "a"])
result = DataFrame([row_one, row_two, row_three])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_list_of_series(self):
data = [
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3.0], ["c", 4.0]]),
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3.0], ["c", 6.0]]),
]
sdict = OrderedDict(zip(["x", "y"], data))
idx = Index(["a", "b", "c"])
# all named
data2 = [
Series([1.5, 3, 4], idx, dtype="O", name="x"),
Series([1.5, 3, 6], idx, name="y"),
]
result = DataFrame(data2)
expected = DataFrame.from_dict(sdict, orient="index")
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
# some unnamed
data2 = [
Series([1.5, 3, 4], idx, dtype="O", name="x"),
Series([1.5, 3, 6], idx),
]
result = DataFrame(data2)
sdict = OrderedDict(zip(["x", "Unnamed 0"], data))
expected = DataFrame.from_dict(sdict, orient="index")
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
# none named
data = [
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3], ["c", 4], ["d", 6]]),
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3], ["d", 6]]),
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["d", 6]]),
OrderedDict(),
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3], ["c", 4]]),
OrderedDict([["b", 3], ["c", 4], ["d", 6]]),
]
data = [
create_series_with_explicit_dtype(d, dtype_if_empty=object) for d in data
]
result = DataFrame(data)
sdict = OrderedDict(zip(range(len(data)), data))
expected = DataFrame.from_dict(sdict, orient="index")
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected.reindex(result.index))
result2 = DataFrame(data, index=np.arange(6))
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, result2)
result = DataFrame([Series(dtype=object)])
expected = DataFrame(index=[0])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
data = [
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3.0], ["c", 4.0]]),
OrderedDict([["a", 1.5], ["b", 3.0], ["c", 6.0]]),
]
sdict = OrderedDict(zip(range(len(data)), data))
idx = Index(["a", "b", "c"])
data2 = [Series([1.5, 3, 4], idx, dtype="O"), Series([1.5, 3, 6], idx)]
result = DataFrame(data2)
expected = DataFrame.from_dict(sdict, orient="index")
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_list_of_series_aligned_index(self):
series = [Series(i, index=["b", "a", "c"], name=str(i)) for i in range(3)]
result = DataFrame(series)
expected = DataFrame(
{"b": [0, 1, 2], "a": [0, 1, 2], "c": [0, 1, 2]},
columns=["b", "a", "c"],
index=["0", "1", "2"],
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_list_of_derived_dicts(self):
class CustomDict(dict):
pass
d = {"a": 1.5, "b": 3}
data_custom = [CustomDict(d)]
data = [d]
result_custom = DataFrame(data_custom)
result = DataFrame(data)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, result_custom)
def test_constructor_ragged(self):
data = {"A": np.random.randn(10), "B": np.random.randn(8)}
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="arrays must all be same length"):
DataFrame(data)
def test_constructor_scalar(self):
idx = Index(range(3))
df = DataFrame({"a": 0}, index=idx)
expected = DataFrame({"a": [0, 0, 0]}, index=idx)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected, check_dtype=False)
def test_constructor_Series_copy_bug(self, float_frame):
df = DataFrame(float_frame["A"], index=float_frame.index, columns=["A"])
df.copy()
def test_constructor_mixed_dict_and_Series(self):
data = {}
data["A"] = {"foo": 1, "bar": 2, "baz": 3}
data["B"] = Series([4, 3, 2, 1], index=["bar", "qux", "baz", "foo"])
result = DataFrame(data)
assert result.index.is_monotonic
# ordering ambiguous, raise exception
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="ambiguous ordering"):
DataFrame({"A": ["a", "b"], "B": {"a": "a", "b": "b"}})
# this is OK though
result = DataFrame({"A": ["a", "b"], "B": Series(["a", "b"], index=["a", "b"])})
expected = DataFrame({"A": ["a", "b"], "B": ["a", "b"]}, index=["a", "b"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_mixed_type_rows(self):
# Issue 25075
data = [[1, 2], (3, 4)]
result = DataFrame(data)
expected = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"tuples,lists",
[
((), []),
((()), []),
(((), ()), [(), ()]),
(((), ()), [[], []]),
(([], []), [[], []]),
(([1], [2]), [[1], [2]]), # GH 32776
(([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]), [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]),
],
)
def test_constructor_tuple(self, tuples, lists):
# GH 25691
result = DataFrame(tuples)
expected = DataFrame(lists)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_list_of_tuples(self):
result = DataFrame({"A": [(1, 2), (3, 4)]})
expected = DataFrame({"A": Series([(1, 2), (3, 4)])})
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_list_of_namedtuples(self):
# GH11181
from collections import namedtuple
named_tuple = namedtuple("Pandas", list("ab"))
tuples = [named_tuple(1, 3), named_tuple(2, 4)]
expected = DataFrame({"a": [1, 2], "b": [3, 4]})
result = DataFrame(tuples)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
# with columns
expected = DataFrame({"y": [1, 2], "z": [3, 4]})
result = DataFrame(tuples, columns=["y", "z"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.skipif(not PY37, reason="Requires Python >= 3.7")
def test_constructor_list_of_dataclasses(self):
# GH21910
from dataclasses import make_dataclass
Point = make_dataclass("Point", [("x", int), ("y", int)])
datas = [Point(0, 3), Point(1, 3)]
expected = DataFrame({"x": [0, 1], "y": [3, 3]})
result = DataFrame(datas)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.skipif(not PY37, reason="Requires Python >= 3.7")
def test_constructor_list_of_dataclasses_with_varying_types(self):
# GH21910
from dataclasses import make_dataclass
# varying types
Point = make_dataclass("Point", [("x", int), ("y", int)])
HLine = make_dataclass("HLine", [("x0", int), ("x1", int), ("y", int)])
datas = [Point(0, 3), HLine(1, 3, 3)]
expected = DataFrame(
{"x": [0, np.nan], "y": [3, 3], "x0": [np.nan, 1], "x1": [np.nan, 3]}
)
result = DataFrame(datas)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.skipif(not PY37, reason="Requires Python >= 3.7")
def test_constructor_list_of_dataclasses_error_thrown(self):
# GH21910
from dataclasses import make_dataclass
Point = make_dataclass("Point", [("x", int), ("y", int)])
# expect TypeError
msg = "asdict() should be called on dataclass instances"
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=re.escape(msg)):
DataFrame([Point(0, 0), {"x": 1, "y": 0}])
def test_constructor_list_of_dict_order(self):
# GH10056
data = [
{"First": 1, "Second": 4, "Third": 7, "Fourth": 10},
{"Second": 5, "First": 2, "Fourth": 11, "Third": 8},
{"Second": 6, "First": 3, "Fourth": 12, "Third": 9, "YYY": 14, "XXX": 13},
]
expected = DataFrame(
{
"First": [1, 2, 3],
"Second": [4, 5, 6],
"Third": [7, 8, 9],
"Fourth": [10, 11, 12],
"YYY": [None, None, 14],
"XXX": [None, None, 13],
}
)
result = DataFrame(data)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_orient(self, float_string_frame):
data_dict = float_string_frame.T._series
recons = DataFrame.from_dict(data_dict, orient="index")
expected = float_string_frame.reindex(index=recons.index)
tm.assert_frame_equal(recons, expected)
# dict of sequence
a = {"hi": [32, 3, 3], "there": [3, 5, 3]}
rs = DataFrame.from_dict(a, orient="index")
xp = DataFrame.from_dict(a).T.reindex(list(a.keys()))
tm.assert_frame_equal(rs, xp)
def test_constructor_from_ordered_dict(self):
# GH8425
a = OrderedDict(
[
("one", OrderedDict([("col_a", "foo1"), ("col_b", "bar1")])),
("two", OrderedDict([("col_a", "foo2"), ("col_b", "bar2")])),
("three", OrderedDict([("col_a", "foo3"), ("col_b", "bar3")])),
]
)
expected = DataFrame.from_dict(a, orient="columns").T
result = DataFrame.from_dict(a, orient="index")
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_dict_columns_parameter(self):
# GH 18529
# Test new columns parameter for from_dict that was added to make
# from_items(..., orient='index', columns=[...]) easier to replicate
result = DataFrame.from_dict(
OrderedDict([("A", [1, 2]), ("B", [4, 5])]),
orient="index",
columns=["one", "two"],
)
expected = DataFrame([[1, 2], [4, 5]], index=["A", "B"], columns=["one", "two"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
msg = "cannot use columns parameter with orient='columns'"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame.from_dict(
dict([("A", [1, 2]), ("B", [4, 5])]),
orient="columns",
columns=["one", "two"],
)
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame.from_dict(
dict([("A", [1, 2]), ("B", [4, 5])]), columns=["one", "two"]
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"data_dict, keys, orient",
[
({}, [], "index"),
([{("a",): 1}, {("a",): 2}], [("a",)], "columns"),
([OrderedDict([(("a",), 1), (("b",), 2)])], [("a",), ("b",)], "columns"),
([{("a", "b"): 1}], [("a", "b")], "columns"),
],
)
def test_constructor_from_dict_tuples(self, data_dict, keys, orient):
# GH 16769
df = DataFrame.from_dict(data_dict, orient)
result = df.columns
expected = Index(keys, dtype="object", tupleize_cols=False)
tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_Series_named(self):
a = Series([1, 2, 3], index=["a", "b", "c"], name="x")
df = DataFrame(a)
assert df.columns[0] == "x"
tm.assert_index_equal(df.index, a.index)
# ndarray like
arr = np.random.randn(10)
s = Series(arr, name="x")
df = DataFrame(s)
expected = DataFrame(dict(x=s))
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
s = Series(arr, index=range(3, 13))
df = DataFrame(s)
expected = DataFrame({0: s})
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(10, 1\), indices imply \(10, 2\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame(s, columns=[1, 2])
# #2234
a = Series([], name="x", dtype=object)
df = DataFrame(a)
assert df.columns[0] == "x"
# series with name and w/o
s1 = Series(arr, name="x")
df = DataFrame([s1, arr]).T
expected = DataFrame({"x": s1, "Unnamed 0": arr}, columns=["x", "Unnamed 0"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
# this is a bit non-intuitive here; the series collapse down to arrays
df = DataFrame([arr, s1]).T
expected = DataFrame({1: s1, 0: arr}, columns=[0, 1])
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
def test_constructor_Series_named_and_columns(self):
# GH 9232 validation
s0 = Series(range(5), name=0)
s1 = Series(range(5), name=1)
# matching name and column gives standard frame
tm.assert_frame_equal(DataFrame(s0, columns=[0]), s0.to_frame())
tm.assert_frame_equal(DataFrame(s1, columns=[1]), s1.to_frame())
# non-matching produces empty frame
assert DataFrame(s0, columns=[1]).empty
assert DataFrame(s1, columns=[0]).empty
def test_constructor_Series_differently_indexed(self):
# name
s1 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=["a", "b", "c"], name="x")
# no name
s2 = Series([1, 2, 3], index=["a", "b", "c"])
other_index = Index(["a", "b"])
df1 = DataFrame(s1, index=other_index)
exp1 = DataFrame(s1.reindex(other_index))
assert df1.columns[0] == "x"
tm.assert_frame_equal(df1, exp1)
df2 = DataFrame(s2, index=other_index)
exp2 = DataFrame(s2.reindex(other_index))
assert df2.columns[0] == 0
tm.assert_index_equal(df2.index, other_index)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df2, exp2)
def test_constructor_manager_resize(self, float_frame):
index = list(float_frame.index[:5])
columns = list(float_frame.columns[:3])
result = DataFrame(float_frame._mgr, index=index, columns=columns)
tm.assert_index_equal(result.index, Index(index))
tm.assert_index_equal(result.columns, Index(columns))
def test_constructor_mix_series_nonseries(self, float_frame):
df = DataFrame(
{"A": float_frame["A"], "B": list(float_frame["B"])}, columns=["A", "B"]
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, float_frame.loc[:, ["A", "B"]])
msg = "does not match index length"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame({"A": float_frame["A"], "B": list(float_frame["B"])[:-2]})
def test_constructor_miscast_na_int_dtype(self):
df = DataFrame([[np.nan, 1], [1, 0]], dtype=np.int64)
expected = DataFrame([[np.nan, 1], [1, 0]])
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
def test_constructor_column_duplicates(self):
# it works! #2079
df = DataFrame([[8, 5]], columns=["a", "a"])
edf = DataFrame([[8, 5]])
edf.columns = ["a", "a"]
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, edf)
idf = DataFrame.from_records([(8, 5)], columns=["a", "a"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(idf, edf)
msg = "If using all scalar values, you must pass an index"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame.from_dict(OrderedDict([("b", 8), ("a", 5), ("a", 6)]))
def test_constructor_empty_with_string_dtype(self):
# GH 9428
expected = DataFrame(index=[0, 1], columns=[0, 1], dtype=object)
df = DataFrame(index=[0, 1], columns=[0, 1], dtype=str)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
df = DataFrame(index=[0, 1], columns=[0, 1], dtype=np.str_)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
df = DataFrame(index=[0, 1], columns=[0, 1], dtype=np.unicode_)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
df = DataFrame(index=[0, 1], columns=[0, 1], dtype="U5")
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
def test_constructor_empty_with_string_extension(self):
# GH 34915
expected = DataFrame(index=[], columns=["c1"], dtype="string")
df = DataFrame(columns=["c1"], dtype="string")
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
def test_constructor_single_value(self):
# expecting single value upcasting here
df = DataFrame(0.0, index=[1, 2, 3], columns=["a", "b", "c"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(
df, DataFrame(np.zeros(df.shape).astype("float64"), df.index, df.columns)
)
df = DataFrame(0, index=[1, 2, 3], columns=["a", "b", "c"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(
df, DataFrame(np.zeros(df.shape).astype("int64"), df.index, df.columns)
)
df = DataFrame("a", index=[1, 2], columns=["a", "c"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(
df,
DataFrame(
np.array([["a", "a"], ["a", "a"]], dtype=object),
index=[1, 2],
columns=["a", "c"],
),
)
msg = "DataFrame constructor not properly called!"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame("a", [1, 2])
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame("a", columns=["a", "c"])
msg = "incompatible data and dtype"
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
DataFrame("a", [1, 2], ["a", "c"], float)
def test_constructor_with_datetimes(self):
intname = np.dtype(np.int_).name
floatname = np.dtype(np.float_).name
datetime64name = np.dtype("M8[ns]").name
objectname = np.dtype(np.object_).name
# single item
df = DataFrame(
{
"A": 1,
"B": "foo",
"C": "bar",
"D": Timestamp("20010101"),
"E": datetime(2001, 1, 2, 0, 0),
},
index=np.arange(10),
)
result = df.dtypes
expected = Series(
[np.dtype("int64")]
+ [np.dtype(objectname)] * 2
+ [np.dtype(datetime64name)] * 2,
index=list("ABCDE"),
)
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
# check with ndarray construction ndim==0 (e.g. we are passing a ndim 0
# ndarray with a dtype specified)
df = DataFrame(
{
"a": 1.0,
"b": 2,
"c": "foo",
floatname: np.array(1.0, dtype=floatname),
intname: np.array(1, dtype=intname),
},
index=np.arange(10),
)
result = df.dtypes
expected = Series(
[np.dtype("float64")]
+ [np.dtype("int64")]
+ [np.dtype("object")]
+ [np.dtype("float64")]
+ [np.dtype(intname)],
index=["a", "b", "c", floatname, intname],
)
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
# check with ndarray construction ndim>0
df = DataFrame(
{
"a": 1.0,
"b": 2,
"c": "foo",
floatname: np.array([1.0] * 10, dtype=floatname),
intname: np.array([1] * 10, dtype=intname),
},
index=np.arange(10),
)
result = df.dtypes
expected = Series(
[np.dtype("float64")]
+ [np.dtype("int64")]
+ [np.dtype("object")]
+ [np.dtype("float64")]
+ [np.dtype(intname)],
index=["a", "b", "c", floatname, intname],
)
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
# GH 2809
ind = date_range(start="2000-01-01", freq="D", periods=10)
datetimes = [ts.to_pydatetime() for ts in ind]
datetime_s = Series(datetimes)
assert datetime_s.dtype == "M8[ns]"
# GH 2810
ind = date_range(start="2000-01-01", freq="D", periods=10)
datetimes = [ts.to_pydatetime() for ts in ind]
dates = [ts.date() for ts in ind]
df = DataFrame(datetimes, columns=["datetimes"])
df["dates"] = dates
result = df.dtypes
expected = Series(
[np.dtype("datetime64[ns]"), np.dtype("object")],
index=["datetimes", "dates"],
)
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
# GH 7594
# don't coerce tz-aware
import pytz
tz = pytz.timezone("US/Eastern")
dt = tz.localize(datetime(2012, 1, 1))
df = DataFrame({"End Date": dt}, index=[0])
assert df.iat[0, 0] == dt
tm.assert_series_equal(
df.dtypes, Series({"End Date": "datetime64[ns, US/Eastern]"})
)
df = DataFrame([{"End Date": dt}])
assert df.iat[0, 0] == dt
tm.assert_series_equal(
df.dtypes, Series({"End Date": "datetime64[ns, US/Eastern]"})
)
# tz-aware (UTC and other tz's)
# GH 8411
dr = date_range("20130101", periods=3)
df = DataFrame({"value": dr})
assert df.iat[0, 0].tz is None
dr = date_range("20130101", periods=3, tz="UTC")
df = DataFrame({"value": dr})
assert str(df.iat[0, 0].tz) == "UTC"
dr = date_range("20130101", periods=3, tz="US/Eastern")
df = DataFrame({"value": dr})
assert str(df.iat[0, 0].tz) == "US/Eastern"
# GH 7822
# preserver an index with a tz on dict construction
i = date_range("1/1/2011", periods=5, freq="10s", tz="US/Eastern")
expected = DataFrame({"a": i.to_series().reset_index(drop=True)})
df = DataFrame()
df["a"] = i
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
df = DataFrame({"a": i})
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
# multiples
i_no_tz = date_range("1/1/2011", periods=5, freq="10s")
df = DataFrame({"a": i, "b": i_no_tz})
expected = DataFrame({"a": i.to_series().reset_index(drop=True), "b": i_no_tz})
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"arr",
[
np.array([None, None, None, None, datetime.now(), None]),
np.array([None, None, datetime.now(), None]),
[[np.datetime64("NaT")], [None]],
[[np.datetime64("NaT")], [pd.NaT]],
[[None], [np.datetime64("NaT")]],
[[None], [pd.NaT]],
[[pd.NaT], [np.datetime64("NaT")]],
[[pd.NaT], [None]],
],
)
def test_constructor_datetimes_with_nulls(self, arr):
# gh-15869, GH#11220
result = DataFrame(arr).dtypes
expected = Series([np.dtype("datetime64[ns]")])
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_for_list_with_dtypes(self):
# test list of lists/ndarrays
df = DataFrame([np.arange(5) for x in range(5)])
result = df.dtypes
expected = Series([np.dtype("int64")] * 5)
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
df = DataFrame([np.array(np.arange(5), dtype="int32") for x in range(5)])
result = df.dtypes
expected = Series([np.dtype("int64")] * 5)
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
# overflow issue? (we always expecte int64 upcasting here)
df = DataFrame({"a": [2 ** 31, 2 ** 31 + 1]})
assert df.dtypes.iloc[0] == np.dtype("int64")
# GH #2751 (construction with no index specified), make sure we cast to
# platform values
df = DataFrame([1, 2])
assert df.dtypes.iloc[0] == np.dtype("int64")
df = DataFrame([1.0, 2.0])
assert df.dtypes.iloc[0] == np.dtype("float64")
df = DataFrame({"a": [1, 2]})
assert df.dtypes.iloc[0] == np.dtype("int64")
df = DataFrame({"a": [1.0, 2.0]})
assert df.dtypes.iloc[0] == np.dtype("float64")
df = DataFrame({"a": 1}, index=range(3))
assert df.dtypes.iloc[0] == np.dtype("int64")
df = DataFrame({"a": 1.0}, index=range(3))
assert df.dtypes.iloc[0] == np.dtype("float64")
# with object list
df = DataFrame(
{
"a": [1, 2, 4, 7],
"b": [1.2, 2.3, 5.1, 6.3],
"c": list("abcd"),
"d": [datetime(2000, 1, 1) for i in range(4)],
"e": [1.0, 2, 4.0, 7],
}
)
result = df.dtypes
expected = Series(
[
np.dtype("int64"),
np.dtype("float64"),
np.dtype("object"),
np.dtype("datetime64[ns]"),
np.dtype("float64"),
],
index=list("abcde"),
)
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
def test_constructor_frame_copy(self, float_frame):
cop = DataFrame(float_frame, copy=True)
cop["A"] = 5
assert (cop["A"] == 5).all()
assert not (float_frame["A"] == 5).all()
def test_constructor_ndarray_copy(self, float_frame):
df = DataFrame(float_frame.values)
float_frame.values[5] = 5
assert (df.values[5] == 5).all()
df = DataFrame(float_frame.values, copy=True)
float_frame.values[6] = 6
assert not (df.values[6] == 6).all()
def test_constructor_series_copy(self, float_frame):
series = float_frame._series
df = DataFrame({"A": series["A"]})
df["A"][:] = 5
assert not (series["A"] == 5).all()
def test_constructor_with_nas(self):
# GH 5016
# na's in indices
def check(df):
for i in range(len(df.columns)):
df.iloc[:, i]
indexer = np.arange(len(df.columns))[isna(df.columns)]
# No NaN found -> error
if len(indexer) == 0:
with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="^nan$"):
df.loc[:, np.nan]
# single nan should result in Series
elif len(indexer) == 1:
tm.assert_series_equal(df.iloc[:, indexer[0]], df.loc[:, np.nan])
# multiple nans should result in DataFrame
else:
tm.assert_frame_equal(df.iloc[:, indexer], df.loc[:, np.nan])
df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], index=[1, np.nan])
check(df)
df = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], columns=[1.1, 2.2, np.nan])
check(df)
df = DataFrame([[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7]], columns=[np.nan, 1.1, 2.2, np.nan])
check(df)
df = DataFrame(
[[0.0, 1, 2, 3.0], [4, 5, 6, 7]], columns=[np.nan, 1.1, 2.2, np.nan]
)
check(df)
# GH 21428 (non-unique columns)
df = DataFrame([[0.0, 1, 2, 3.0], [4, 5, 6, 7]], columns=[np.nan, 1, 2, 2])
check(df)
def test_constructor_lists_to_object_dtype(self):
# from #1074
d = DataFrame({"a": [np.nan, False]})
assert d["a"].dtype == np.object_
assert not d["a"][1]
def test_constructor_categorical(self):
# GH8626
# dict creation
df = DataFrame({"A": list("abc")}, dtype="category")
expected = Series(list("abc"), dtype="category", name="A")
tm.assert_series_equal(df["A"], expected)
# to_frame
s = Series(list("abc"), dtype="category")
result = s.to_frame()
expected = Series(list("abc"), dtype="category", name=0)
tm.assert_series_equal(result[0], expected)
result = s.to_frame(name="foo")
expected = Series(list("abc"), dtype="category", name="foo")
tm.assert_series_equal(result["foo"], expected)
# list-like creation
df = DataFrame(list("abc"), dtype="category")
expected = Series(list("abc"), dtype="category", name=0)
tm.assert_series_equal(df[0], expected)
# ndim != 1
df = DataFrame([Categorical(list("abc"))])
expected = DataFrame({0: Series(list("abc"), dtype="category")})
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
df = DataFrame([Categorical(list("abc")), Categorical(list("abd"))])
expected = DataFrame(
{
0: Series(list("abc"), dtype="category"),
1: Series(list("abd"), dtype="category"),
},
columns=[0, 1],
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
# mixed
df = DataFrame([Categorical(list("abc")), list("def")])
expected = DataFrame(
{0: Series(list("abc"), dtype="category"), 1: list("def")}, columns=[0, 1]
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
# invalid (shape)
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(6, 2\), indices imply \(3, 2\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame([Categorical(list("abc")), Categorical(list("abdefg"))])
# ndim > 1
msg = "> 1 ndim Categorical are not supported at this time"
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=msg):
Categorical(np.array([list("abcd")]))
def test_constructor_categorical_series(self):
items = [1, 2, 3, 1]
exp = Series(items).astype("category")
res = Series(items, dtype="category")
tm.assert_series_equal(res, exp)
items = ["a", "b", "c", "a"]
exp = Series(items).astype("category")
res = Series(items, dtype="category")
tm.assert_series_equal(res, exp)
# insert into frame with different index
# GH 8076
index = date_range("20000101", periods=3)
expected = Series(
Categorical(values=[np.nan, np.nan, np.nan], categories=["a", "b", "c"])
)
expected.index = index
expected = DataFrame({"x": expected})
df = DataFrame({"x": Series(["a", "b", "c"], dtype="category")}, index=index)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
def test_from_records_to_records(self):
# from numpy documentation
arr = np.zeros((2,), dtype=("i4,f4,a10"))
arr[:] = [(1, 2.0, "Hello"), (2, 3.0, "World")]
# TODO(wesm): unused
frame = DataFrame.from_records(arr) # noqa
index = Index(np.arange(len(arr))[::-1])
indexed_frame = DataFrame.from_records(arr, index=index)
tm.assert_index_equal(indexed_frame.index, index)
# without names, it should go to last ditch
arr2 = np.zeros((2, 3))
tm.assert_frame_equal(DataFrame.from_records(arr2), DataFrame(arr2))
# wrong length
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(2, 3\), indices imply \(1, 3\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame.from_records(arr, index=index[:-1])
indexed_frame = DataFrame.from_records(arr, index="f1")
# what to do?
records = indexed_frame.to_records()
assert len(records.dtype.names) == 3
records = indexed_frame.to_records(index=False)
assert len(records.dtype.names) == 2
assert "index" not in records.dtype.names
def test_from_records_nones(self):
tuples = [(1, 2, None, 3), (1, 2, None, 3), (None, 2, 5, 3)]
df = DataFrame.from_records(tuples, columns=["a", "b", "c", "d"])
assert np.isnan(df["c"][0])
def test_from_records_iterator(self):
arr = np.array(
[(1.0, 1.0, 2, 2), (3.0, 3.0, 4, 4), (5.0, 5.0, 6, 6), (7.0, 7.0, 8, 8)],
dtype=[
("x", np.float64),
("u", np.float32),
("y", np.int64),
("z", np.int32),
],
)
df = DataFrame.from_records(iter(arr), nrows=2)
xp = DataFrame(
{
"x": np.array([1.0, 3.0], dtype=np.float64),
"u": np.array([1.0, 3.0], dtype=np.float32),
"y": np.array([2, 4], dtype=np.int64),
"z": np.array([2, 4], dtype=np.int32),
}
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df.reindex_like(xp), xp)
# no dtypes specified here, so just compare with the default
arr = [(1.0, 2), (3.0, 4), (5.0, 6), (7.0, 8)]
df = DataFrame.from_records(iter(arr), columns=["x", "y"], nrows=2)
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, xp.reindex(columns=["x", "y"]), check_dtype=False)
def test_from_records_tuples_generator(self):
def tuple_generator(length):
for i in range(length):
letters = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
yield (i, letters[i % len(letters)], i / length)
columns_names = ["Integer", "String", "Float"]
columns = [
[i[j] for i in tuple_generator(10)] for j in range(len(columns_names))
]
data = {"Integer": columns[0], "String": columns[1], "Float": columns[2]}
expected = DataFrame(data, columns=columns_names)
generator = tuple_generator(10)
result = DataFrame.from_records(generator, columns=columns_names)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_records_lists_generator(self):
def list_generator(length):
for i in range(length):
letters = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
yield [i, letters[i % len(letters)], i / length]
columns_names = ["Integer", "String", "Float"]
columns = [
[i[j] for i in list_generator(10)] for j in range(len(columns_names))
]
data = {"Integer": columns[0], "String": columns[1], "Float": columns[2]}
expected = DataFrame(data, columns=columns_names)
generator = list_generator(10)
result = DataFrame.from_records(generator, columns=columns_names)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_records_columns_not_modified(self):
tuples = [(1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 3), (2, 5, 3)]
columns = ["a", "b", "c"]
original_columns = list(columns)
df = DataFrame.from_records(tuples, columns=columns, index="a") # noqa
assert columns == original_columns
def test_from_records_decimal(self):
from decimal import Decimal
tuples = [(Decimal("1.5"),), (Decimal("2.5"),), (None,)]
df = DataFrame.from_records(tuples, columns=["a"])
assert df["a"].dtype == object
df = DataFrame.from_records(tuples, columns=["a"], coerce_float=True)
assert df["a"].dtype == np.float64
assert np.isnan(df["a"].values[-1])
def test_from_records_duplicates(self):
result = DataFrame.from_records([(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)], columns=["a", "b", "a"])
expected = DataFrame([(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)], columns=["a", "b", "a"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_records_set_index_name(self):
def create_dict(order_id):
return {
"order_id": order_id,
"quantity": np.random.randint(1, 10),
"price": np.random.randint(1, 10),
}
documents = [create_dict(i) for i in range(10)]
# demo missing data
documents.append({"order_id": 10, "quantity": 5})
result = DataFrame.from_records(documents, index="order_id")
assert result.index.name == "order_id"
# MultiIndex
result = DataFrame.from_records(documents, index=["order_id", "quantity"])
assert result.index.names == ("order_id", "quantity")
def test_from_records_misc_brokenness(self):
# #2179
data = {1: ["foo"], 2: ["bar"]}
result = DataFrame.from_records(data, columns=["a", "b"])
exp = DataFrame(data, columns=["a", "b"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, exp)
# overlap in index/index_names
data = {"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]}
result = DataFrame.from_records(data, index=["a", "b", "c"])
exp = DataFrame(data, index=["a", "b", "c"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, exp)
# GH 2623
rows = []
rows.append([datetime(2010, 1, 1), 1])
rows.append([datetime(2010, 1, 2), "hi"]) # test col upconverts to obj
df2_obj = DataFrame.from_records(rows, columns=["date", "test"])
result = df2_obj.dtypes
expected = Series(
[np.dtype("datetime64[ns]"), np.dtype("object")], index=["date", "test"]
)
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
rows = []
rows.append([datetime(2010, 1, 1), 1])
rows.append([datetime(2010, 1, 2), 1])
df2_obj = DataFrame.from_records(rows, columns=["date", "test"])
result = df2_obj.dtypes
expected = Series(
[np.dtype("datetime64[ns]"), np.dtype("int64")], index=["date", "test"]
)
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_records_empty(self):
# 3562
result = DataFrame.from_records([], columns=["a", "b", "c"])
expected = DataFrame(columns=["a", "b", "c"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
result = DataFrame.from_records([], columns=["a", "b", "b"])
expected = DataFrame(columns=["a", "b", "b"])
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_records_empty_with_nonempty_fields_gh3682(self):
a = np.array([(1, 2)], dtype=[("id", np.int64), ("value", np.int64)])
df = DataFrame.from_records(a, index="id")
tm.assert_index_equal(df.index, Index([1], name="id"))
assert df.index.name == "id"
tm.assert_index_equal(df.columns, Index(["value"]))
b = np.array([], dtype=[("id", np.int64), ("value", np.int64)])
df = DataFrame.from_records(b, index="id")
tm.assert_index_equal(df.index, Index([], name="id"))
assert df.index.name == "id"
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"dtype",
tm.ALL_INT_DTYPES
+ tm.ALL_EA_INT_DTYPES
+ tm.FLOAT_DTYPES
+ tm.COMPLEX_DTYPES
+ tm.DATETIME64_DTYPES
+ tm.TIMEDELTA64_DTYPES
+ tm.BOOL_DTYPES,
)
def test_check_dtype_empty_numeric_column(self, dtype):
# GH24386: Ensure dtypes are set correctly for an empty DataFrame.
# Empty DataFrame is generated via dictionary data with non-overlapping columns.
data = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2]}, columns=["b"], dtype=dtype)
assert data.b.dtype == dtype
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"dtype", tm.STRING_DTYPES + tm.BYTES_DTYPES + tm.OBJECT_DTYPES
)
def test_check_dtype_empty_string_column(self, dtype):
# GH24386: Ensure dtypes are set correctly for an empty DataFrame.
# Empty DataFrame is generated via dictionary data with non-overlapping columns.
data = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2]}, columns=["b"], dtype=dtype)
assert data.b.dtype.name == "object"
def test_from_records_with_datetimes(self):
# this may fail on certain platforms because of a numpy issue
# related GH6140
if not is_platform_little_endian():
pytest.skip("known failure of test on non-little endian")
# construction with a null in a recarray
# GH 6140
expected = DataFrame({"EXPIRY": [datetime(2005, 3, 1, 0, 0), None]})
arrdata = [np.array([datetime(2005, 3, 1, 0, 0), None])]
dtypes = [("EXPIRY", "<M8[ns]")]
try:
recarray = np.core.records.fromarrays(arrdata, dtype=dtypes)
except (ValueError):
pytest.skip("known failure of numpy rec array creation")
result = DataFrame.from_records(recarray)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
# coercion should work too
arrdata = [np.array([datetime(2005, 3, 1, 0, 0), None])]
dtypes = [("EXPIRY", "<M8[m]")]
recarray = np.core.records.fromarrays(arrdata, dtype=dtypes)
result = DataFrame.from_records(recarray)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_records_sequencelike(self):
df = DataFrame(
{
"A": np.array(np.random.randn(6), dtype=np.float64),
"A1": np.array(np.random.randn(6), dtype=np.float64),
"B": np.array(np.arange(6), dtype=np.int64),
"C": ["foo"] * 6,
"D": np.array([True, False] * 3, dtype=bool),
"E": np.array(np.random.randn(6), dtype=np.float32),
"E1": np.array(np.random.randn(6), dtype=np.float32),
"F": np.array(np.arange(6), dtype=np.int32),
}
)
# this is actually tricky to create the recordlike arrays and
# have the dtypes be intact
blocks = df._to_dict_of_blocks()
tuples = []
columns = []
dtypes = []
for dtype, b in blocks.items():
columns.extend(b.columns)
dtypes.extend([(c, np.dtype(dtype).descr[0][1]) for c in b.columns])
for i in range(len(df.index)):
tup = []
for _, b in blocks.items():
tup.extend(b.iloc[i].values)
tuples.append(tuple(tup))
recarray = np.array(tuples, dtype=dtypes).view(np.recarray)
recarray2 = df.to_records()
lists = [list(x) for x in tuples]
# tuples (lose the dtype info)
result = DataFrame.from_records(tuples, columns=columns).reindex(
columns=df.columns
)
# created recarray and with to_records recarray (have dtype info)
result2 = DataFrame.from_records(recarray, columns=columns).reindex(
columns=df.columns
)
result3 = DataFrame.from_records(recarray2, columns=columns).reindex(
columns=df.columns
)
# list of tupels (no dtype info)
result4 = DataFrame.from_records(lists, columns=columns).reindex(
columns=df.columns
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df, check_dtype=False)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result2, df)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result3, df)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result4, df, check_dtype=False)
# tuples is in the order of the columns
result = DataFrame.from_records(tuples)
tm.assert_index_equal(result.columns, pd.RangeIndex(8))
# test exclude parameter & we are casting the results here (as we don't
# have dtype info to recover)
columns_to_test = [columns.index("C"), columns.index("E1")]
exclude = list(set(range(8)) - set(columns_to_test))
result = DataFrame.from_records(tuples, exclude=exclude)
result.columns = [columns[i] for i in sorted(columns_to_test)]
tm.assert_series_equal(result["C"], df["C"])
tm.assert_series_equal(result["E1"], df["E1"].astype("float64"))
# empty case
result = DataFrame.from_records([], columns=["foo", "bar", "baz"])
assert len(result) == 0
tm.assert_index_equal(result.columns, Index(["foo", "bar", "baz"]))
result = DataFrame.from_records([])
assert len(result) == 0
assert len(result.columns) == 0
def test_from_records_dictlike(self):
# test the dict methods
df = DataFrame(
{
"A": np.array(np.random.randn(6), dtype=np.float64),
"A1": np.array(np.random.randn(6), dtype=np.float64),
"B": np.array(np.arange(6), dtype=np.int64),
"C": ["foo"] * 6,
"D": np.array([True, False] * 3, dtype=bool),
"E": np.array(np.random.randn(6), dtype=np.float32),
"E1": np.array(np.random.randn(6), dtype=np.float32),
"F": np.array(np.arange(6), dtype=np.int32),
}
)
# columns is in a different order here than the actual items iterated
# from the dict
blocks = df._to_dict_of_blocks()
columns = []
for dtype, b in blocks.items():
columns.extend(b.columns)
asdict = {x: y for x, y in df.items()}
asdict2 = {x: y.values for x, y in df.items()}
# dict of series & dict of ndarrays (have dtype info)
results = []
results.append(DataFrame.from_records(asdict).reindex(columns=df.columns))
results.append(
DataFrame.from_records(asdict, columns=columns).reindex(columns=df.columns)
)
results.append(
DataFrame.from_records(asdict2, columns=columns).reindex(columns=df.columns)
)
for r in results:
tm.assert_frame_equal(r, df)
def test_from_records_with_index_data(self):
df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 3), columns=["A", "B", "C"])
data = np.random.randn(10)
df1 = DataFrame.from_records(df, index=data)
tm.assert_index_equal(df1.index, Index(data))
def test_from_records_bad_index_column(self):
df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 3), columns=["A", "B", "C"])
# should pass
df1 = DataFrame.from_records(df, index=["C"])
tm.assert_index_equal(df1.index, Index(df.C))
df1 = DataFrame.from_records(df, index="C")
tm.assert_index_equal(df1.index, Index(df.C))
# should fail
msg = r"Shape of passed values is \(10, 3\), indices imply \(1, 3\)"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
DataFrame.from_records(df, index=[2])
with pytest.raises(KeyError, match=r"^2$"):
DataFrame.from_records(df, index=2)
def test_from_records_non_tuple(self):
class Record:
def __init__(self, *args):
self.args = args
def __getitem__(self, i):
return self.args[i]
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.args)
recs = [Record(1, 2, 3), Record(4, 5, 6), Record(7, 8, 9)]
tups = [tuple(rec) for rec in recs]
result = DataFrame.from_records(recs)
expected = DataFrame.from_records(tups)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_records_len0_with_columns(self):
# #2633
result = DataFrame.from_records([], index="foo", columns=["foo", "bar"])
expected = Index(["bar"])
assert len(result) == 0
assert result.index.name == "foo"
tm.assert_index_equal(result.columns, expected)
def test_from_records_series_list_dict(self):
# GH27358
expected = DataFrame([[{"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 3, "b": 4}]]).T
data = Series([[{"a": 1, "b": 2}], [{"a": 3, "b": 4}]])
result = DataFrame.from_records(data)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_records_series_categorical_index(self):
# GH 32805
index = CategoricalIndex(
[pd.Interval(-20, -10), pd.Interval(-10, 0), pd.Interval(0, 10)]
)
series_of_dicts = pd.Series([{"a": 1}, {"a": 2}, {"b": 3}], index=index)
frame = pd.DataFrame.from_records(series_of_dicts, index=index)
expected = DataFrame(
{"a": [1, 2, np.NaN], "b": [np.NaN, np.NaN, 3]}, index=index
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(frame, expected)
def test_frame_from_records_utc(self):
rec = {"datum": 1.5, "begin_time": datetime(2006, 4, 27, tzinfo=pytz.utc)}
# it works
DataFrame.from_records([rec], index="begin_time")
def test_to_frame_with_falsey_names(self):
# GH 16114
result = Series(name=0, dtype=object).to_frame().dtypes
expected = Series({0: object})
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
result = DataFrame(Series(name=0, dtype=object)).dtypes
tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [None, "uint8", "category"])
def test_constructor_range_dtype(self, dtype):
expected = DataFrame({"A": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]}, dtype=dtype or "int64")
# GH 26342
result = DataFrame(range(5), columns=["A"], dtype=dtype)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
# GH 16804
result = DataFrame({"A": range(5)}, dtype=dtype)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_frame_from_list_subclass(self):
# GH21226
class List(list):
pass
expected = DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
result = DataFrame(List([List([1, 2, 3]), List([4, 5, 6])]))
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"extension_arr",
[
Categorical(list("aabbc")),
SparseArray([1, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan]),
IntervalArray([pd.Interval(0, 1), pd.Interval(1, 5)]),
PeriodArray(pd.period_range(start="1/1/2017", end="1/1/2018", freq="M")),
],
)
def test_constructor_with_extension_array(self, extension_arr):
# GH11363
expected = DataFrame(Series(extension_arr))
result = DataFrame(extension_arr)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_datetime_date_tuple_columns_from_dict(self):
# GH 10863
v = date.today()
tup = v, v
result = DataFrame({tup: Series(range(3), index=range(3))}, columns=[tup])
expected = DataFrame([0, 1, 2], columns=Index(Series([tup])))
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_construct_with_two_categoricalindex_series(self):
# GH 14600
s1 = Series(
[39, 6, 4], index=pd.CategoricalIndex(["female", "male", "unknown"])
)
s2 = Series(
[2, 152, 2, 242, 150],
index=pd.CategoricalIndex(["f", "female", "m", "male", "unknown"]),
)
result = DataFrame([s1, s2])
expected = DataFrame(
np.array(
[[np.nan, 39.0, np.nan, 6.0, 4.0], [2.0, 152.0, 2.0, 242.0, 150.0]]
),
columns=["f", "female", "m", "male", "unknown"],
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_M8_structured(self):
dates = [(datetime(2012, 9, 9, 0, 0), datetime(2012, 9, 8, 15, 10))]
arr = np.array(dates, dtype=[("Date", "M8[us]"), ("Forecasting", "M8[us]")])
df = DataFrame(arr)
assert df["Date"][0] == dates[0][0]
assert df["Forecasting"][0] == dates[0][1]
s = Series(arr["Date"])
assert isinstance(s[0], Timestamp)
assert s[0] == dates[0][0]
def test_from_datetime_subclass(self):
# GH21142 Verify whether Datetime subclasses are also of dtype datetime
class DatetimeSubclass(datetime):
pass
data = pd.DataFrame({"datetime": [DatetimeSubclass(2020, 1, 1, 1, 1)]})
assert data.datetime.dtype == "datetime64[ns]"
def test_with_mismatched_index_length_raises(self):
# GH#33437
dti = pd.date_range("2016-01-01", periods=3, tz="US/Pacific")
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Shape of passed values"):
DataFrame(dti, index=range(4))
class TestDataFrameConstructorWithDatetimeTZ:
def test_from_dict(self):
# 8260
# support datetime64 with tz
idx = Index(date_range("20130101", periods=3, tz="US/Eastern"), name="foo")
dr = date_range("20130110", periods=3)
# construction
df = DataFrame({"A": idx, "B": dr})
assert df["A"].dtype, "M8[ns, US/Eastern"
assert df["A"].name == "A"
tm.assert_series_equal(df["A"], Series(idx, name="A"))
tm.assert_series_equal(df["B"], Series(dr, name="B"))
def test_from_index(self):
# from index
idx2 = date_range("20130101", periods=3, tz="US/Eastern", name="foo")
df2 = DataFrame(idx2)
tm.assert_series_equal(df2["foo"], Series(idx2, name="foo"))
df2 = DataFrame(Series(idx2))
tm.assert_series_equal(df2["foo"], Series(idx2, name="foo"))
idx2 = date_range("20130101", periods=3, tz="US/Eastern")
df2 = DataFrame(idx2)
tm.assert_series_equal(df2[0], Series(idx2, name=0))
df2 = DataFrame(Series(idx2))
tm.assert_series_equal(df2[0], Series(idx2, name=0))
def test_frame_dict_constructor_datetime64_1680(self):
dr = date_range("1/1/2012", periods=10)
s = Series(dr, index=dr)
# it works!
DataFrame({"a": "foo", "b": s}, index=dr)
DataFrame({"a": "foo", "b": s.values}, index=dr)
def test_frame_datetime64_mixed_index_ctor_1681(self):
dr = date_range("2011/1/1", "2012/1/1", freq="W-FRI")
ts = Series(dr)
# it works!
d = DataFrame({"A": "foo", "B": ts}, index=dr)
assert d["B"].isna().all()
def test_frame_timeseries_to_records(self):
index = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=10)
df = DataFrame(np.random.randn(10, 3), index=index, columns=["a", "b", "c"])
result = df.to_records()
result["index"].dtype == "M8[ns]"
result = df.to_records(index=False)
def test_frame_timeseries_column(self):
# GH19157
dr = date_range(start="20130101T10:00:00", periods=3, freq="T", tz="US/Eastern")
result = DataFrame(dr, columns=["timestamps"])
expected = DataFrame(
{
"timestamps": [
Timestamp("20130101T10:00:00", tz="US/Eastern"),
Timestamp("20130101T10:01:00", tz="US/Eastern"),
Timestamp("20130101T10:02:00", tz="US/Eastern"),
]
}
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_nested_dict_construction(self):
# GH22227
columns = ["Nevada", "Ohio"]
pop = {
"Nevada": {2001: 2.4, 2002: 2.9},
"Ohio": {2000: 1.5, 2001: 1.7, 2002: 3.6},
}
result = DataFrame(pop, index=[2001, 2002, 2003], columns=columns)
expected = DataFrame(
[(2.4, 1.7), (2.9, 3.6), (np.nan, np.nan)],
columns=columns,
index=Index([2001, 2002, 2003]),
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
def test_from_tzaware_object_array(self):
# GH#26825 2D object array of tzaware timestamps should not raise
dti = date_range("2016-04-05 04:30", periods=3, tz="UTC")
data = dti._data.astype(object).reshape(1, -1)
df = DataFrame(data)
assert df.shape == (1, 3)
assert (df.dtypes == dti.dtype).all()
assert (df == dti).all().all()
def test_from_tzaware_mixed_object_array(self):
# GH#26825
arr = np.array(
[
[
Timestamp("2013-01-01 00:00:00"),
Timestamp("2013-01-02 00:00:00"),
Timestamp("2013-01-03 00:00:00"),
],
[
Timestamp("2013-01-01 00:00:00-0500", tz="US/Eastern"),
pd.NaT,
Timestamp("2013-01-03 00:00:00-0500", tz="US/Eastern"),
],
[
Timestamp("2013-01-01 00:00:00+0100", tz="CET"),
pd.NaT,
Timestamp("2013-01-03 00:00:00+0100", tz="CET"),
],
],
dtype=object,
).T
res = DataFrame(arr, columns=["A", "B", "C"])
expected_dtypes = [
"datetime64[ns]",
"datetime64[ns, US/Eastern]",
"datetime64[ns, CET]",
]
assert (res.dtypes == expected_dtypes).all()
def test_from_2d_ndarray_with_dtype(self):
# GH#12513
array_dim2 = np.arange(10).reshape((5, 2))
df = DataFrame(array_dim2, dtype="datetime64[ns, UTC]")
expected = DataFrame(array_dim2).astype("datetime64[ns, UTC]")
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, expected)
def test_construction_from_set_raises(self):
# https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/32582
msg = "Set type is unordered"
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
pd.DataFrame({"a": {1, 2, 3}})