// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

#pragma once

#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include "arrow/util/macros.h"
#include "arrow/util/visibility.h"

namespace arrow {

template <typename T>
class Iterator;
template <typename T>
struct IterationTraits;

template <typename T>
class Result;

class Status;

namespace internal {
struct Empty;
}  // namespace internal
template <typename T = internal::Empty>
class Future;

namespace util {
class Codec;
class CodecOptions;
}  // namespace util

class Buffer;
class Device;
class MemoryManager;
class MemoryPool;
class MutableBuffer;
class ResizableBuffer;

using BufferVector = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Buffer>>;

class DataType;
class Field;
class FieldRef;
class KeyValueMetadata;
enum class Endianness;
class Schema;

using DataTypeVector = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<DataType>>;
using FieldVector = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Field>>;

class Array;
struct ArrayData;
struct ArraySpan;
class ArrayBuilder;
struct Scalar;

using ArrayDataVector = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ArrayData>>;
using ArrayVector = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Array>>;
using ScalarVector = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Scalar>>;

class ChunkedArray;
class RecordBatch;
struct RecordBatchWithMetadata;
class RecordBatchReader;
class AsyncRecordBatchReader;
class Table;

struct Datum;
struct TypeHolder;

using ChunkedArrayVector = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ChunkedArray>>;
using RecordBatchVector = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<RecordBatch>>;
using RecordBatchIterator = Iterator<std::shared_ptr<RecordBatch>>;

class DictionaryType;
class DictionaryArray;
struct DictionaryScalar;

class NullType;
class NullArray;
class NullBuilder;
struct NullScalar;

class FixedWidthType;

class BooleanType;
class BooleanArray;
class BooleanBuilder;
struct BooleanScalar;

class BinaryType;
class BinaryArray;
class BinaryBuilder;
struct BinaryScalar;

class BinaryViewType;
class BinaryViewArray;
class BinaryViewBuilder;
struct BinaryViewScalar;

class LargeBinaryType;
class LargeBinaryArray;
class LargeBinaryBuilder;
struct LargeBinaryScalar;

class FixedSizeBinaryType;
class FixedSizeBinaryArray;
class FixedSizeBinaryBuilder;
struct FixedSizeBinaryScalar;

class StringType;
class StringArray;
class StringBuilder;
struct StringScalar;

class StringViewType;
class StringViewArray;
class StringViewBuilder;
struct StringViewScalar;

class LargeStringType;
class LargeStringArray;
class LargeStringBuilder;
struct LargeStringScalar;

class ListType;
class ListArray;
class ListBuilder;
struct ListScalar;

class LargeListType;
class LargeListArray;
class LargeListBuilder;
struct LargeListScalar;

class ListViewType;
class ListViewArray;
class ListViewBuilder;
struct ListViewScalar;

class LargeListViewType;
class LargeListViewArray;
class LargeListViewBuilder;
struct LargeListViewScalar;

class MapType;
class MapArray;
class MapBuilder;
struct MapScalar;

class FixedSizeListType;
class FixedSizeListArray;
class FixedSizeListBuilder;
struct FixedSizeListScalar;

class StructType;
class StructArray;
class StructBuilder;
struct StructScalar;

class Decimal32;
class Decimal64;
class Decimal128;
class Decimal256;
class DecimalType;
class Decimal32Type;
class Decimal64Type;
class Decimal128Type;
class Decimal256Type;
class Decimal32Array;
class Decimal64Array;
class Decimal128Array;
class Decimal256Array;
class Decimal32Builder;
class Decimal64Builder;
class Decimal128Builder;
class Decimal256Builder;
struct Decimal32Scalar;
struct Decimal64Scalar;
struct Decimal128Scalar;
struct Decimal256Scalar;

struct UnionMode {
  enum type { SPARSE, DENSE };
};

class SparseUnionType;
class SparseUnionArray;
class SparseUnionBuilder;
struct SparseUnionScalar;

class DenseUnionType;
class DenseUnionArray;
class DenseUnionBuilder;
struct DenseUnionScalar;

class RunEndEncodedType;
class RunEndEncodedArray;
class RunEndEncodedBuilder;
struct RunEndEncodedScalar;

template <typename TypeClass>
class NumericArray;

template <typename TypeClass>
class NumericBuilder;

template <typename TypeClass>
class NumericTensor;

#define _NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(KLASS)                     \
  class KLASS##Type;                                  \
  using KLASS##Array = NumericArray<KLASS##Type>;     \
  using KLASS##Builder = NumericBuilder<KLASS##Type>; \
  struct KLASS##Scalar;                               \
  using KLASS##Tensor = NumericTensor<KLASS##Type>;

_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(Int8)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(Int16)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(Int32)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(Int64)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(UInt8)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(UInt16)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(UInt32)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(UInt64)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(HalfFloat)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(Float)
_NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL(Double)

#undef _NUMERIC_TYPE_DECL

enum class DateUnit : char { DAY = 0, MILLI = 1 };

class DateType;
class Date32Type;
using Date32Array = NumericArray<Date32Type>;
using Date32Builder = NumericBuilder<Date32Type>;
struct Date32Scalar;

class Date64Type;
using Date64Array = NumericArray<Date64Type>;
using Date64Builder = NumericBuilder<Date64Type>;
struct Date64Scalar;

struct ARROW_EXPORT TimeUnit {
  /// The unit for a time or timestamp DataType
  enum type { SECOND = 0, MILLI = 1, MICRO = 2, NANO = 3 };

  /// Iterate over all valid time units
  static const std::vector<TimeUnit::type>& values();
};

class TimeType;
class Time32Type;
using Time32Array = NumericArray<Time32Type>;
using Time32Builder = NumericBuilder<Time32Type>;
struct Time32Scalar;

class Time64Type;
using Time64Array = NumericArray<Time64Type>;
using Time64Builder = NumericBuilder<Time64Type>;
struct Time64Scalar;

class TimestampType;
using TimestampArray = NumericArray<TimestampType>;
using TimestampBuilder = NumericBuilder<TimestampType>;
struct TimestampScalar;

class MonthIntervalType;
using MonthIntervalArray = NumericArray<MonthIntervalType>;
using MonthIntervalBuilder = NumericBuilder<MonthIntervalType>;
struct MonthIntervalScalar;

class DayTimeIntervalType;
class DayTimeIntervalArray;
class DayTimeIntervalBuilder;
struct DayTimeIntervalScalar;

class MonthDayNanoIntervalType;
class MonthDayNanoIntervalArray;
class MonthDayNanoIntervalBuilder;
struct MonthDayNanoIntervalScalar;

class DurationType;
using DurationArray = NumericArray<DurationType>;
using DurationBuilder = NumericBuilder<DurationType>;
struct DurationScalar;

class ExtensionType;
class ExtensionArray;
struct ExtensionScalar;

class Tensor;
class SparseTensor;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

struct Type {
  /// \brief Main data type enumeration
  ///
  /// This enumeration provides a quick way to interrogate the category
  /// of a DataType instance.
  enum type {
    /// A NULL type having no physical storage
    NA = 0,

    /// Boolean as 1 bit, LSB bit-packed ordering
    BOOL = 1,

    /// Unsigned 8-bit little-endian integer
    UINT8 = 2,

    /// Signed 8-bit little-endian integer
    INT8 = 3,

    /// Unsigned 16-bit little-endian integer
    UINT16 = 4,

    /// Signed 16-bit little-endian integer
    INT16 = 5,

    /// Unsigned 32-bit little-endian integer
    UINT32 = 6,

    /// Signed 32-bit little-endian integer
    INT32 = 7,