// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

#pragma once

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <iterator>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>

#include "parquet/platform.h"
#include "parquet/type_fwd.h"
#include "parquet/windows_fixup.h"  // for OPTIONAL

namespace arrow::util {

class Codec;

}  // namespace arrow::util

namespace parquet {

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Metadata enums to match Thrift metadata
//
// The reason we maintain our own enums is to avoid transitive dependency on
// the compiled Thrift headers (and thus thrift/Thrift.h) for users of the
// public API. After building parquet-cpp, you should not need to include
// Thrift headers in your application. This means some boilerplate to convert
// between our types and Parquet's Thrift types.
//
// We can also add special values like NONE to distinguish between metadata
// values being set and not set. As an example consider ConvertedType and
// CompressionCodec

// Mirrors parquet::Type
struct Type {
  enum type {
    BOOLEAN = 0,
    INT32 = 1,
    INT64 = 2,
    INT96 = 3,
    FLOAT = 4,
    DOUBLE = 5,
    BYTE_ARRAY = 6,
    FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY = 7,
    // Should always be last element.
    UNDEFINED = 8
  };
};

// Mirrors parquet::ConvertedType
struct ConvertedType {
  enum type {
    NONE,  // Not a real converted type, but means no converted type is specified
    UTF8,
    MAP,
    MAP_KEY_VALUE,
    LIST,
    ENUM,
    DECIMAL,
    DATE,
    TIME_MILLIS,
    TIME_MICROS,
    TIMESTAMP_MILLIS,
    TIMESTAMP_MICROS,
    UINT_8,
    UINT_16,
    UINT_32,
    UINT_64,
    INT_8,
    INT_16,
    INT_32,
    INT_64,
    JSON,
    BSON,
    INTERVAL,
    // DEPRECATED INVALID ConvertedType for all-null data.
    // Only useful for reading legacy files written out by interim Parquet C++ releases.
    // For writing, always emit LogicalType::Null instead.
    // See PARQUET-1990.
    NA = 25,
    UNDEFINED = 26  // Not a real converted type; should always be last element
  };
};

// forward declaration
namespace format {

class LogicalType;

}

// Mirrors parquet::FieldRepetitionType
struct Repetition {
  enum type { REQUIRED = 0, OPTIONAL = 1, REPEATED = 2, /*Always last*/ UNDEFINED = 3 };
};

// Reference:
// parquet-mr/parquet-hadoop/src/main/java/org/apache/parquet/
//                            format/converter/ParquetMetadataConverter.java
// Sort order for page and column statistics. Types are associated with sort
// orders (e.g., UTF8 columns should use UNSIGNED) and column stats are
// aggregated using a sort order. As of parquet-format version 2.3.1, the
// order used to aggregate stats is always SIGNED and is not stored in the
// Parquet file. These stats are discarded for types that need unsigned.
// See PARQUET-686.
struct SortOrder {
  enum type { SIGNED, UNSIGNED, UNKNOWN };
};

namespace schema {

struct DecimalMetadata {
  bool isset;
  int32_t scale;
  int32_t precision;
};

}  // namespace schema

/// \brief Implementation of parquet.thrift LogicalType types.
class PARQUET_EXPORT LogicalType {
 public:
  struct Type {
    enum type {
      UNDEFINED = 0,  // Not a real logical type
      STRING = 1,
      MAP,
      LIST,
      ENUM,
      DECIMAL,
      DATE,
      TIME,
      TIMESTAMP,
      INTERVAL,
      INT,
      NIL,  // Thrift NullType: annotates data that is always null
      JSON,
      BSON,
      UUID,
      FLOAT16,
      NONE  // Not a real logical type; should always be last element
    };
  };

  struct TimeUnit {
    enum unit { UNKNOWN = 0, MILLIS = 1, MICROS, NANOS };
  };

  /// \brief If possible, return a logical type equivalent to the given legacy
  /// converted type (and decimal metadata if applicable).
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> FromConvertedType(
      const parquet::ConvertedType::type converted_type,
      const parquet::schema::DecimalMetadata converted_decimal_metadata = {false, -1,
                                                                           -1});

  /// \brief Return the logical type represented by the Thrift intermediary object.
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> FromThrift(
      const parquet::format::LogicalType& thrift_logical_type);

  /// \brief Return the explicitly requested logical type.
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> String();
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Map();
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> List();
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Enum();
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Decimal(int32_t precision, int32_t scale = 0);
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Date();
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Time(bool is_adjusted_to_utc,
                                                 LogicalType::TimeUnit::unit time_unit);

  /// \brief Create a Timestamp logical type
  /// \param[in] is_adjusted_to_utc set true if the data is UTC-normalized
  /// \param[in] time_unit the resolution of the timestamp
  /// \param[in] is_from_converted_type if true, the timestamp was generated
  /// by translating a legacy converted type of TIMESTAMP_MILLIS or
  /// TIMESTAMP_MICROS. Default is false.
  /// \param[in] force_set_converted_type if true, always set the
  /// legacy ConvertedType TIMESTAMP_MICROS and TIMESTAMP_MILLIS
  /// metadata. Default is false
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Timestamp(
      bool is_adjusted_to_utc, LogicalType::TimeUnit::unit time_unit,
      bool is_from_converted_type = false, bool force_set_converted_type = false);

  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Interval();
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Int(int bit_width, bool is_signed);

  /// \brief Create a logical type for data that's always null
  ///
  /// Any physical type can be annotated with this logical type.
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Null();

  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> JSON();
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> BSON();
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> UUID();
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Float16();

  /// \brief Create a placeholder for when no logical type is specified
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> None();

  /// \brief Return true if this logical type is consistent with the given underlying
  /// physical type.
  bool is_applicable(parquet::Type::type primitive_type,
                     int32_t primitive_length = -1) const;

  /// \brief Return true if this logical type is equivalent to the given legacy converted
  /// type (and decimal metadata if applicable).
  bool is_compatible(parquet::ConvertedType::type converted_type,
                     parquet::schema::DecimalMetadata converted_decimal_metadata = {
                         false, -1, -1}) const;

  /// \brief If possible, return the legacy converted type (and decimal metadata if
  /// applicable) equivalent to this logical type.
  parquet::ConvertedType::type ToConvertedType(
      parquet::schema::DecimalMetadata* out_decimal_metadata) const;

  /// \brief Return a printable representation of this logical type.
  std::string ToString() const;

  /// \brief Return a JSON representation of this logical type.
  std::string ToJSON() const;

  /// \brief Return a serializable Thrift object for this logical type.
  parquet::format::LogicalType ToThrift() const;

  /// \brief Return true if the given logical type is equivalent to this logical type.
  bool Equals(const LogicalType& other) const;

  /// \brief Return the enumerated type of this logical type.
  LogicalType::Type::type type() const;

  /// \brief Return the appropriate sort order for this logical type.
  SortOrder::type sort_order() const;

  // Type checks ...
  bool is_string() const;
  bool is_map() const;
  bool is_list() const;
  bool is_enum() const;
  bool is_decimal() const;
  bool is_date() const;
  bool is_time() const;
  bool is_timestamp() const;
  bool is_interval() const;
  bool is_int() const;
  bool is_null() const;
  bool is_JSON() const;
  bool is_BSON() const;
  bool is_UUID() const;
  bool is_float16() const;
  bool is_none() const;
  /// \brief Return true if this logical type is of a known type.
  bool is_valid() const;
  bool is_invalid() const;
  /// \brief Return true if this logical type is suitable for a schema GroupNode.
  bool is_nested() const;
  bool is_nonnested() const;
  /// \brief Return true if this logical type is included in the Thrift output for its
  /// node.
  bool is_serialized() const;

  LogicalType(const LogicalType&) = delete;
  LogicalType& operator=(const LogicalType&) = delete;
  virtual ~LogicalType() noexcept;

 protected:
  LogicalType();

  class Impl;
  std::unique_ptr<const Impl> impl_;
};

/// \brief Allowed for physical type BYTE_ARRAY, must be encoded as UTF-8.
class PARQUET_EXPORT StringLogicalType : public LogicalType {
 public:
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Make();

 private:
  StringLogicalType() = default;
};

/// \brief Allowed for group nodes only.
class PARQUET_EXPORT MapLogicalType : public LogicalType {
 public:
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Make();

 private:
  MapLogicalType() = default;
};

/// \brief Allowed for group nodes only.
class PARQUET_EXPORT ListLogicalType : public LogicalType {
 public:
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Make();

 private:
  ListLogicalType() = default;
};

/// \brief Allowed for physical type BYTE_ARRAY, must be encoded as UTF-8.
class PARQUET_EXPORT EnumLogicalType : public LogicalType {
 public:
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Make();

 private:
  EnumLogicalType() = default;
};

/// \brief Allowed for physical type INT32, INT64, FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY, or BYTE_ARRAY,
/// depending on the precision.
class PARQUET_EXPORT DecimalLogicalType : public LogicalType {
 public:
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Make(int32_t precision, int32_t scale = 0);
  int32_t precision() const;
  int32_t scale() const;

 private:
  DecimalLogicalType() = default;
};

/// \brief Allowed for physical type INT32.
class PARQUET_EXPORT DateLogicalType : public LogicalType {
 public:
  static std::shared_ptr<const LogicalType> Make();

 private:
  DateLogicalType() = default;