import copy
from typing import Optional, Any, Union, Callable

import torch
from torch import Tensor
from .. import functional as F
from .module import Module
from .activation import MultiheadAttention
from .container import ModuleList
from ..init import xavier_uniform_
from .dropout import Dropout
from .linear import Linear
from .normalization import LayerNorm

__all__ = ['Transformer', 'TransformerEncoder', 'TransformerDecoder', 'TransformerEncoderLayer', 'TransformerDecoderLayer']

class Transformer(Module):
    r"""A transformer model. User is able to modify the attributes as needed. The architecture
    is based on the paper "Attention Is All You Need". Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer,
    Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and
    Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. In Advances in Neural Information
    Processing Systems, pages 6000-6010.

    Args:
        d_model: the number of expected features in the encoder/decoder inputs (default=512).
        nhead: the number of heads in the multiheadattention models (default=8).
        num_encoder_layers: the number of sub-encoder-layers in the encoder (default=6).
        num_decoder_layers: the number of sub-decoder-layers in the decoder (default=6).
        dim_feedforward: the dimension of the feedforward network model (default=2048).
        dropout: the dropout value (default=0.1).
        activation: the activation function of encoder/decoder intermediate layer, can be a string
            ("relu" or "gelu") or a unary callable. Default: relu
        custom_encoder: custom encoder (default=None).
        custom_decoder: custom decoder (default=None).
        layer_norm_eps: the eps value in layer normalization components (default=1e-5).
        batch_first: If ``True``, then the input and output tensors are provided
            as (batch, seq, feature). Default: ``False`` (seq, batch, feature).
        norm_first: if ``True``, encoder and decoder layers will perform LayerNorms before
            other attention and feedforward operations, otherwise after. Default: ``False`` (after).

    Examples::
        >>> transformer_model = nn.Transformer(nhead=16, num_encoder_layers=12)
        >>> src = torch.rand((10, 32, 512))
        >>> tgt = torch.rand((20, 32, 512))
        >>> out = transformer_model(src, tgt)

    Note: A full example to apply nn.Transformer module for the word language model is available in
    https://github.com/pytorch/examples/tree/master/word_language_model
    """

    def __init__(self, d_model: int = 512, nhead: int = 8, num_encoder_layers: int = 6,
                 num_decoder_layers: int = 6, dim_feedforward: int = 2048, dropout: float = 0.1,
                 activation: Union[str, Callable[[Tensor], Tensor]] = F.relu,
                 custom_encoder: Optional[Any] = None, custom_decoder: Optional[Any] = None,
                 layer_norm_eps: float = 1e-5, batch_first: bool = False, norm_first: bool = False,
                 device=None, dtype=None) -> None:
        factory_kwargs = {'device': device, 'dtype': dtype}
        super().__init__()
        torch._C._log_api_usage_once(f"torch.nn.modules.{self.__class__.__name__}")

        if custom_encoder is not None:
            self.encoder = custom_encoder
        else:
            encoder_layer = TransformerEncoderLayer(d_model, nhead, dim_feedforward, dropout,
                                                    activation, layer_norm_eps, batch_first, norm_first,
                                                    **factory_kwargs)
            encoder_norm = LayerNorm(d_model, eps=layer_norm_eps, **factory_kwargs)
            self.encoder = TransformerEncoder(encoder_layer, num_encoder_layers, encoder_norm)

        if custom_decoder is not None:
            self.decoder = custom_decoder
        else:
            decoder_layer = TransformerDecoderLayer(d_model, nhead, dim_feedforward, dropout,
                                                    activation, layer_norm_eps, batch_first, norm_first,
                                                    **factory_kwargs)
            decoder_norm = LayerNorm(d_model, eps=layer_norm_eps, **factory_kwargs)
            self.decoder = TransformerDecoder(decoder_layer, num_decoder_layers, decoder_norm)

        self._reset_parameters()

        self.d_model = d_model
        self.nhead = nhead

        self.batch_first = batch_first

    def forward(self, src: Tensor, tgt: Tensor, src_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None, tgt_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None,
                memory_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None, src_key_padding_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None,
                tgt_key_padding_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None, memory_key_padding_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tensor:
        r"""Take in and process masked source/target sequences.

        Args:
            src: the sequence to the encoder (required).
            tgt: the sequence to the decoder (required).
            src_mask: the additive mask for the src sequence (optional).
            tgt_mask: the additive mask for the tgt sequence (optional).
            memory_mask: the additive mask for the encoder output (optional).
            src_key_padding_mask: the Tensor mask for src keys per batch (optional).
            tgt_key_padding_mask: the Tensor mask for tgt keys per batch (optional).
            memory_key_padding_mask: the Tensor mask for memory keys per batch (optional).

        Shape:
            - src: :math:`(S, E)` for unbatched input, :math:`(S, N, E)` if `batch_first=False` or
              `(N, S, E)` if `batch_first=True`.
            - tgt: :math:`(T, E)` for unbatched input, :math:`(T, N, E)` if `batch_first=False` or
              `(N, T, E)` if `batch_first=True`.
            - src_mask: :math:`(S, S)` or :math:`(N\cdot\text{num\_heads}, S, S)`.
            - tgt_mask: :math:`(T, T)` or :math:`(N\cdot\text{num\_heads}, T, T)`.
            - memory_mask: :math:`(T, S)`.
            - src_key_padding_mask: :math:`(S)` for unbatched input otherwise :math:`(N, S)`.
            - tgt_key_padding_mask: :math:`(T)` for unbatched input otherwise :math:`(N, T)`.
            - memory_key_padding_mask: :math:`(S)` for unbatched input otherwise :math:`(N, S)`.

            Note: [src/tgt/memory]_mask ensures that position i is allowed to attend the unmasked
            positions. If a BoolTensor is provided, positions with ``True``
            are not allowed to attend while ``False`` values will be unchanged. If a FloatTensor
            is provided, it will be added to the attention weight.
            [src/tgt/memory]_key_padding_mask provides specified elements in the key to be ignored by
            the attention. If a BoolTensor is provided, the positions with the
            value of ``True`` will be ignored while the position with the value of ``False`` will be unchanged.

            - output: :math:`(T, E)` for unbatched input, :math:`(T, N, E)` if `batch_first=False` or
              `(N, T, E)` if `batch_first=True`.

            Note: Due to the multi-head attention architecture in the transformer model,
            the output sequence length of a transformer is same as the input sequence
            (i.e. target) length of the decoder.

            where S is the source sequence length, T is the target sequence length, N is the
            batch size, E is the feature number

        Examples:
            >>> # xdoctest: +SKIP
            >>> output = transformer_model(src, tgt, src_mask=src_mask, tgt_mask=tgt_mask)
        """

        is_batched = src.dim() == 3
        if not self.batch_first and src.size(1) != tgt.size(1) and is_batched:
            raise RuntimeError("the batch number of src and tgt must be equal")
        elif self.batch_first and src.size(0) != tgt.size(0) and is_batched:
            raise RuntimeError("the batch number of src and tgt must be equal")

        if src.size(-1) != self.d_model or tgt.size(-1) != self.d_model:
            raise RuntimeError("the feature number of src and tgt must be equal to d_model")

        memory = self.encoder(src, mask=src_mask, src_key_padding_mask=src_key_padding_mask)
        output = self.decoder(tgt, memory, tgt_mask=tgt_mask, memory_mask=memory_mask,
                              tgt_key_padding_mask=tgt_key_padding_mask,
                              memory_key_padding_mask=memory_key_padding_mask)
        return output

    @staticmethod
    def generate_square_subsequent_mask(sz: int, device='cpu') -> Tensor:
        r"""Generate a square mask for the sequence. The masked positions are filled with float('-inf').
            Unmasked positions are filled with float(0.0).
        """
        return torch.triu(torch.full((sz, sz), float('-inf'), device=device), diagonal=1)

    def _reset_parameters(self):
        r"""Initiate parameters in the transformer model."""

        for p in self.parameters():
            if p.dim() > 1:
                xavier_uniform_(p)


class TransformerEncoder(Module):
    r"""TransformerEncoder is a stack of N encoder layers. Users can build the
    BERT(https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805) model with corresponding parameters.

    Args:
        encoder_layer: an instance of the TransformerEncoderLayer() class (required).
        num_layers: the number of sub-encoder-layers in the encoder (required).
        norm: the layer normalization component (optional).
        enable_nested_tensor: if True, input will automatically convert to nested tensor
            (and convert back on output). This will improve the overall performance of
            TransformerEncoder when padding rate is high. Default: ``True`` (enabled).

    Examples::
        >>> encoder_layer = nn.TransformerEncoderLayer(d_model=512, nhead=8)
        >>> transformer_encoder = nn.TransformerEncoder(encoder_layer, num_layers=6)
        >>> src = torch.rand(10, 32, 512)
        >>> out = transformer_encoder(src)
    """
    __constants__ = ['norm']

    def __init__(self, encoder_layer, num_layers, norm=None, enable_nested_tensor=True, mask_check=True):
        super().__init__()
        torch._C._log_api_usage_once(f"torch.nn.modules.{self.__class__.__name__}")
        self.layers = _get_clones(encoder_layer, num_layers)
        self.num_layers = num_layers
        self.norm = norm
        self.enable_nested_tensor = enable_nested_tensor
        self.mask_check = mask_check

    def forward(
            self,
            src: Tensor,
            mask: Optional[Tensor] = None,
            src_key_padding_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None,
            is_causal: Optional[bool] = None) -> Tensor:
        r"""Pass the input through the encoder layers in turn.

        Args:
            src: the sequence to the encoder (required).
            mask: the mask for the src sequence (optional).
            is_causal: If specified, applies a causal mask as mask (optional)
                and ignores attn_mask for computing scaled dot product attention.
                Default: ``False``.
            src_key_padding_mask: the mask for the src keys per batch (optional).

        Shape:
            see the docs in Transformer class.
        """
        src_key_padding_mask = F._canonical_mask(
            mask=src_key_padding_mask,
            mask_name="src_key_padding_mask",
            other_type=F._none_or_dtype(mask),
            other_name="mask",
            target_type=src.dtype
        )

        mask = F._canonical_mask(
            mask=mask,
            mask_name="mask",
            other_type=None,
            other_name="",
            target_type=src.dtype,
            check_other=False,
        )

        output = src
        convert_to_nested = False
        first_layer = self.layers[0]
        src_key_padding_mask_for_layers = src_key_padding_mask
        why_not_sparsity_fast_path = ''
        str_first_layer = "self.layers[0]"
        if not isinstance(first_layer, torch.nn.TransformerEncoderLayer):
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = f"{str_first_layer} was not TransformerEncoderLayer"
        elif first_layer.norm_first :
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = f"{str_first_layer}.norm_first was True"
        elif first_layer.training:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = f"{str_first_layer} was in training mode"
        elif not first_layer.self_attn.batch_first:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = f" {str_first_layer}.self_attn.batch_first was not True"
        elif not first_layer.self_attn._qkv_same_embed_dim:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = f"{str_first_layer}.self_attn._qkv_same_embed_dim was not True"
        elif not first_layer.activation_relu_or_gelu:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = f" {str_first_layer}.activation_relu_or_gelu was not True"
        elif not (first_layer.norm1.eps == first_layer.norm2.eps) :
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = f"{str_first_layer}.norm1.eps was not equal to {str_first_layer}.norm2.eps"
        elif not src.dim() == 3:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = f"input not batched; expected src.dim() of 3 but got {src.dim()}"
        elif not self.enable_nested_tensor:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = "enable_nested_tensor was not True"
        elif src_key_padding_mask is None:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = "src_key_padding_mask was None"
        elif (((not hasattr(self, "mask_check")) or self.mask_check)
                and not torch._nested_tensor_from_mask_left_aligned(src, src_key_padding_mask.logical_not())):
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = "mask_check enabled, and src and src_key_padding_mask was not left aligned"
        elif output.is_nested:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = "NestedTensor input is not supported"
        elif mask is not None:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = "src_key_padding_mask and mask were both supplied"
        elif first_layer.self_attn.num_heads % 2 == 1:
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = "num_head is odd"
        elif torch.is_autocast_enabled():
            why_not_sparsity_fast_path = "autocast is enabled"

        if not why_not_sparsity_fast_path:
            tensor_args = (
                src,
                first_layer.self_attn.in_proj_weight,
                first_layer.self_attn.in_proj_bias,
                first_layer.self_attn.out_proj.weight,
                first_layer.self_attn.out_proj.bias,
                first_layer.norm1.weight,
                first_layer.norm1.bias,
                first_layer.norm2.weight,
                first_layer.norm2.bias,
                first_layer.linear1.weight,
                first_layer.linear1.bias,
                first_layer.linear2.weight,
                first_layer.linear2.bias,
            )

            if torch.overrides.has_torch_function(tensor_args):
                why_not_sparsity_fast_path = "some Tensor argument has_torch_function"
            elif not (src.is_cuda or 'cpu' in str(src.device)):
                why_not_sparsity_fast_path = "src is neither CUDA nor CPU"
            elif torch.is_grad_enabled() and any(x.requires_grad for x in tensor_args):
                why_not_sparsity_fast_path = ("grad is enabled and at least one of query or the "
                                              "input/output projection weights or biases requires_grad")

            if (not why_not_sparsity_fast_path) and (src_key_padding_mask is not None):
                convert_to_nested = True
                output = torch._nested_tensor_from_mask(output, src_key_padding_mask.logical_not(), mask_check=False)
                src_key_padding_mask_for_layers = None

        # Prevent type refinement
        make_causal = (is_causal is True)

        if is_causal is None:
            if mask is not None:
                sz = mask.size(0)
                causal_comparison = torch.triu(
                    torch.ones(sz, sz, device=mask.device) * float('-inf'), diagonal=1
                ).to(mask.dtype)

                if torch.equal(mask, causal_comparison):
                    make_causal = True

        is_causal = make_causal

        for mod in self.layers:
            output = mod(output, src_mask=mask, is_causal=is_causal, src_key_padding_mask=src_key_padding_mask_for_layers)

        if convert_to_nested:
            output = output.to_padded_tensor(0.)

        if self.norm is not None:
            output = self.norm(output)

        return output


class TransformerDecoder(Module):
    r"""TransformerDecoder is a stack of N decoder layers

    Args:
        decoder_layer: an instance of the TransformerDecoderLayer() class (required).
        num_layers: the number of sub-decoder-layers in the decoder (required).
        norm: the layer normalization component (optional).

    Examples::
        >>> decoder_layer = nn.TransformerDecoderLayer(d_model=512, nhead=8)
        >>> transformer_decoder = nn.TransformerDecoder(decoder_layer, num_layers=6)
        >>> memory = torch.rand(10, 32, 512)
        >>> tgt = torch.rand(20, 32, 512)
        >>> out = transformer_decoder(tgt, memory)
    """
    __constants__ = ['norm']

    def __init__(self, decoder_layer, num_layers, norm=None):
        super().__init__()
        torch._C._log_api_usage_once(f"torch.nn.modules.{self.__class__.__name__}")